izixhobo zokusila eziphathekayo

Itekhnoloji yamva nje yomatshini wokusila inokugcina ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye nokwandisa imveliso, ngelixa inciphisa imfuno yabasebenzi.
Itekhnoloji entsha yomatshini wokungqusha ikuvumela ukuba ufezekise ukunyamezelana, ugcine imveliso ephezulu kwaye uphephe ukubeka iimfuno ezintsha kubasebenzi bokugaya. UTom Chastain, uManejala weMveliso yeWirtgen yaseMelika yokuSila, uthe: “Isizukulwana esitsha solawulo lokuthambeka, ubuchwephesha begubu lokusila kunye nenkqubo entsha yokusebenza zenza kube lula ukwandisa imveliso kunangaphambili ngelixa siphumeza umgangatho ophezulu.”
Inkqubo yokumisela oomatshini bokusika kunye nokubeka iliso nayo yenziwe lula. "Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zesizukulwana esidala, ukuxilongwa kwebhodi, izicwangciso zokulawula ukuthambekela okulula kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo zinciphisa kakhulu uxanduva lomsebenzisi," kusho uKyle Hammon, umphathi wezokuthengisa zobugcisa be-Astec.
Ukuze ukwandise imveliso kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, umatshini wokugaya kufuneka ukwazi ukubona umthwalo oguqukayo kumatshini kwaye uphendule ngokufanelekileyo. Injongo ye-Astec kukugcina iipatheni zokugaya ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngelixa ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokukhusela oomatshini kunye nabasebenzi. Kulapho itekhnoloji yamva nje ingena khona. Ezinye iimodeli zoomatshini abatsha bokugaya zinenkqubo yokusebenza evumela umqhubi ukuba akhethe phakathi kweendlela zokugaya. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukulawula indlela.
“Ungawuxelela umatshini ukuba yeyiphi isithuba semela kunye negubu onayo kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwepateni ofuna ukuyiphumeza,” utshilo uChastain. Ezi setingi zinokunika ingqiqo kwisixhobo sokusika osisebenzisayo. “Lo matshini ubala le nkcazelo uze ugqibe ngesantya somatshini, isantya segubu lokusika, kwanobungakanani bamanzi. Oku kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine imigca yabo yokuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa izixhobo ngelixa umatshini usenza okunye. "
Ukuze kunyuswe imveliso kunye nomgangatho womphezulu, oomatshini bokugaya kufuneka bakwazi ukubona imithwalo eguqukayo kwaye baphendule ngokufanelekileyo. "Ukulawulwa komthwalo we-injini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula i-traction endaweni yokugcina umatshini usebenza ngesantya esiqhubekayo kunye nokuthintela utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwisantya sokusebenza ekubangeleni iziphene kwindawo egayiweyo," kusho uHarmon.
“Inkqubo yolawulo lomthwalo esebenzayo efana nolawulo lomthwalo weCaterpillar ivumela umatshini ukuba atyhale umatshini kumthamo wawo ophakamileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokuma komatshini,” utshilo uJameson Smieja, umcebisi wentengiso weCaterpillar wehlabathi. "Oku kunokonyusa kakhulu imveliso yomatshini ngokuqikelela ukuba umqhubi uwutyhala kangakanani umatshini."
I-Caterpillar ikwabonelela ngolawulo lokuhamba ngenqanawa. "Ulawulo lweCruise luvumela umsebenzisi ukuba agcine kwaye abuyisele isantya ekujoliswe kuso ngokucofa iqhosha, ngaloo ndlela unceda umqhubi ukuba agcine ipateni engaguqukiyo kuyo yonke iprojekthi."
Imisebenzi efana nolawulo lomthwalo iqinisekisa usetyenziso olusebenzayo lwamandla enjini akhoyo. "Iiplani ezininzi ezibandayo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bakhethe injini kunye nesantya se-rotor abafuna ukusisika. Ngoko ke, kwizicelo apho isantya asiyiyo eyona nto iphambili yokuqwalaselwa okanye iilori zithintelwe, abaqhubi banokukhetha i-injini ephantsi kunye nesantya se-rotor ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha. ,” watsho uSmieja. "Eminye imisebenzi efana nokulawula isantya sokungenzi nto ivumela umatshini ukuba wehle uye kwisantya esisezantsi sokungenzi nto xa umisiwe, kwaye ukonyusa kuphela isantya senjini njengoko kufuneka xa imisebenzi ethile yenziwe."
Inkqubo yokulawula umatshini ka-Wirtgen's MILL ASSIST inceda abaqhubi ukuba baphucule iziphumo zenkqubo yokusila. UWirtgen Wirtgen ugxile ekunyuseni iindleko zokusebenza. "Uhlobo lwamva nje lomatshini lunoqoqosho ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kumafutha, amanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo, ngelixa [ukunciphisa] amanqanaba engxolo," kusho uChastain. "Ukuba nenkqubo yokusebenza eyazisa umatshini ngento esizama ukuyifezekisa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesantya ezibini, kuvumela umatshini ukuba usebenze ngeyona ndlela ingcono, ngelixa ubeka iliso kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo."
Izibambi zezixhobo kunye namazinyo nazo zenziwe. "Itekhnoloji yokusika ehlaziyiweyo isinika ukuzithemba ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwethu kokugaya kunye nokutyibilika," utshilo uChastain. "Izixhobo ezitsha ze-carbide, kunye ne-PCD yangoku okanye izixhobo zedayimani, zisivumela ukuba sigubungele ixesha elide ngokunxiba okuncinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba asiyeki rhoqo, siya kukugcina oku ixesha elide. Imodeli esemgangathweni. Olu tshintsho lwamva nje kwitekhnoloji yokusika kunye nokusebenza komatshini okuphezulu kusivumela ukuba sifezekise umgangatho kunye nemveliso yezinto. ”
Ukuthandwa kweebhithi zokusika idayimane kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokutsho kweCaterpillar, ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokuphindwe kangangama-80, ezinokulinciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Astec "Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezifunwayo apho i-carbide drill bits kufuneka itshintshwe amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku," kusho uSmieja. Ukongeza, amasuntswana okomba wedayimani ahlala ebukhali kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umatshini uvelise iipateni zokusila ezingaguqukiyo kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika, oko kwandisa imveliso kwaye konga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% kumafutha.
Uyilo lwe-rotor luyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo ezilindelekileyo. "Uyilo oluninzi lwe-rotor lunamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusika izinyo, okuvumela umqhubi ukuba afumane ukuthungwa kwepateni efunekayo kwindawo yokugqibela yokugaya ngelixa esusa izinto ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka," kusho uSmieja.
Ngokufikelela kwinqanaba ekujoliswe kulo okokuqala kunye nokuphelisa umsebenzi ngokutsha, umatshini wokusila oxhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji yokulawula inqanaba lamva nje kulindeleke ukuba unyuse kakhulu imveliso, ukwenzela ukuba iindleko zotyalo-mali zokuqala zinokubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza.
“Enkosi kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwale mihla, oomatshini bokungqusha banamhlanje banokuchaneka kwaye bavelise iicontours ezigudileyo,” utshilo uSmieja. "Ngokomzekelo, abacwangcisi beCati ababandayo beza kumgangatho weCat GRADE, ene-slope kunye ne-slope function, ebonelela ngezinto ezininzi kunye nokuguquguquka kulo naliphi na inani lezicelo. Nokuba injongo ijolise ekususeni ubunzulu, ukuguba ukuphucula ukugudiswa, okanye ukuMila kwicontours yoyilo oluchanekileyo, iCat GRADE inokusetwa kwaye ihlengahlengiswe ukufikelela ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo phantse kuzo zonke izicelo.
Ulawulo lwe-slope luphuculwe ukwenza kube lula ukufikelela ubunzulu obuhambelanayo kunye/okanye ithambeka. UChastain uthe: "Itekhnoloji eyenziwe lula kodwa ekumgangatho ophezulu ibonelela abasebenzisi ngeempendulo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo, ngelixa behlisa uxinzelelo lomsebenzi."
“Sibona ngakumbi nangakumbi itekhnoloji ye-3D ingena kumzi-mveliso wokugaya,” wongeze watsho. "Ukuba useto luchanekile, ezi nkqubo zisebenza kakuhle." Inkqubo yokulinganisa isebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonic ukuya kumyinge wobude bomatshini okanye ukusika ubunzulu obude.
Umsebenzi onzima ulungele ukulawula ukuthambeka kwe-3D. "Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-2D, inkqubo yokulawula i-slope ye-3D yenza ukuba umatshini ugaye ngokuchaneka okuphezulu," kusho uHammon. “Kwiiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna ubunzulu obuhlukeneyo kunye namathambeka asecaleni, inkqubo ye-3D iya kuzenza ngokuzenzekelayo olu tshintsho.
"Inkqubo ye-3D ngokwenene idinga ukudala imodeli yedijithali esekelwe kwidatha yendlela eqokelelwe ngaphambi kokusebenza kokugaya," wachaza. "Xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yendabuko ye-2D, ukwakha kunye nokuphumeza iimodeli zedijithali kumatshini wokugaya kufuna umsebenzi omningi kwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo."
CaterpillarPlus, ayinguye wonke umsebenzi olungele i-3D milling. "Nangona i-3D yokugaya inikezela ukuchaneka okulungileyo ngokumalunga neenkcukacha zoyilo, iteknoloji efunekayo ukufezekisa ukuchaneka kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo, kunye nolawulo lwesayithi olongezelelweyo olufanelekileyo kuphela kwizicelo ezizodwa," kusho uSmieja.
"Iindawo zokusebenzela ezinombono omhle, umgama olawulwayo, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kwizikhululo zokulawula i-3D (ezifana neenqwelo-moya) ngabaviwa abalungileyo ukuba bazuze kwi-3D yokulawula i-slope, enceda ukuhlangabezana nemimiselo engqongqo," watsho. "Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lokuthambeka kwe-2D, kunye okanye ngaphandle kweechords, kuseyeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuhlangabezana neenkcukacha zanamhlanje zokusila ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo ezongezelelweyo."
I-Orange Crush LLC yikontraka esekwe eChicago enoxanduva loluhlu lweeprojekthi, kubandakanya i-asphalt kunye nokwakhiwa kwendlela yekhonkrithi kunye nokwembiwa. Ilungisa iindlela kunye nezahlulo kunye nezindlu ezithengiswayo.
"Singasebenzisa izityalo ze-asphalt ezintandathu kwindawo yaseChicago," kusho uSumie Abdish, umphathi jikelele. “Sinamaqela amahlanu okusila kunye noomatshini bokusila abasixhenxe (oomatshini bokungqusha).”
Ngoncedo lwe-SITECH Midway, i-Orange Crush yakhetha ukufaka inkqubo yokulawula i-Trimble 3D kumatshini wayo wamva nje we-Roadtec RX 700 wokugaya. Nangona i-3D milling isentsha, unokontraka unamava abanzi kwi-3D paving.
“Siqale saxhobisa iipali zethu kuba besele sigqibile kwindlela erhafelwayo [iprojekthi],” utshilo u-Abdish. Kodwa ucinga eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuqala ngomatshini wokungqusha. “Ndikholelwa ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleleni ekuqaleni. Ndicinga ukuba kubhetele wenze i-3D milling kuqala, kwaye emva koko udibanise imathiriyeli egayiweyo kunye.
Isisombululo sesikhululo se-3D esipheleleyo sivumela ulawulo olungqongqo lwazo zonke iinkalo ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kungqineke kuluncedo kwiprojekthi yakutsha nje yaseNorfolk Southern Railway Yard yase-Englewood, e-Illinois. I-Orange Crush kufuneka igcine amabakala angqongqo, kwaye itekhnoloji yesikhululo se-3D iyonke isusa imfuno yokutsala amanani rhoqo phambi komatshini wokusila kwaye ujonge umsebenzi rhoqo.
“Sinomntu osemva kwelitye elinerover, kukho indleko eyongezelelekileyo, kodwa kungcono kunokuba sibuyele umva kuba siphose iziphumo ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwezilishumi,” utshilo u-Abdish.
Ukuchaneka kwenkqubo ye-Astec kubonakaliswe ukuba ichanekile. “Ifumene amanqaku emali okokuqala,” utshilo u-Abdish. "Imveliso yakho kwesi sicelo inyuke nge-30%, ngakumbi xa unomatshini wokugaya ubunzulu obuguquguqukayo kwaye ugcine umphakamo othile kunye nokuthambeka kwindawo nganye."
Itekhnoloji ifuna utyalo-mali oluninzi, kodwa imbuyekezo inokukhawuleza kakhulu. IOrange Crush iqikelela ukuba ibuyise phantse isiqingatha sotyalo-mali lwayo lobuchwephesha kwiprojekthi yaseNorfolk South kuphela. "Ndiza kuthi ngeli xesha kunyaka ozayo, siya kuhlawula inkqubo," u-Abdish waxela kwangaphambili.
Ukuseta indawo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neeyure ezimbini nge-Orange Crush. "Ngexesha lokuqala uphuma ukuya kumlinganiselo, kufuneka ubale iiyure ezimbini kusasa kwaye ulinganise ixesha ngalinye uhambisa umatshini ukusuka komnye umsebenzi ukuya komnye," kusho u-Abdish. Ngaphambi kokuba uthumele ilori apho, kufuneka ufumane umatshini apho kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwangaphambili.
Kwiikontraka, uqeqesho lwabaqhubi ayingomceli mngeni onzima. “Ayingomceli mngeni mkhulu njengoko bendicinga,” wakhumbula uAbdish. "Ndicinga ukuba ijiko lokufunda le-paver lide kunelo lokucoca."
Umntu ophethe umlinganiselo / isikhokelo sokulawula umatshini unoxanduva lokumisela umsebenzi ngamnye. “Uya kuphuma alawule wonke umsebenzi, aze asebenze neSITECH ukwenza umlinganiselo wokuqala womatshini,” utshilo u-Abdish. Ukugcina lo mntu usexesheni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yoqeqesho. "Abona basebenzi bayamkele kwangoko."
Ndiyabulela kumava alungileyo afunyenweyo, i-Orange Crush iceba ukwandisa amandla ayo okugaya i-3D ngokongeza inkqubo ye-Trimble kwi-Wirtgen 220A esanda kufunyanwa. “Xa uneprojekthi, unento eya kukugcina kulawulo olungqongqo lweqela, nto leyo ingumbono nje,” utshilo u-Abdish. "Le yeyona nto inkulu kum."
Ukwanda kweqondo lokuzisebenzela kunye nolawulo olwenziwe lula kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi akufuneki bacofe amaqhosha rhoqo, ngokwenjenjalo behlisa ijiko lokufunda. "Ngokwenza ukulawulwa kokusebenza kunye nokulawulwa kwe-slope kusebenziseka lula, abaqhubi be-novice bangasebenzisa umatshini omtsha ngokulula, endaweni yomshini oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala ofuna ubuchule obuninzi kunye nomonde wokulawula," kusho uChastain.
Ukongeza, umenzi ubonelela ngezinto ezizodwa ezinokwenza lula kwaye zikhawuleze ukuseta umatshini. "Inzwa edityaniswe kumatshini ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweCaterpillar's'zeroing' kunye 'ne-automatic cut transition' imisebenzi ukwenza lula ukuseta," utshilo uSmieja.
Itekhnoloji yokulinganisa kaWirtgen inokulungelelanisa ubude, ubunzulu kunye nesithuba ukufumana iziphumo ezichaneke kakhulu kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi. Ukusetha kwakhona kwe-Wirtgen kunokubuyisela umatshini ngokukhawuleza "ubude bomkrwelo" wokuqala ukuze ulungele ukusika okulandelayo, u-Smieja uyachaza. Ukutshintshwa kokusika okuzenzekelayo kuvumela umqhubi ukuba enze inkqubo kwiinguqu ezichazwe kwangaphambili zobunzulu kunye ne-slope ngaphakathi komgama onikiweyo, kwaye umatshini uya kudala ngokuzenzekelayo i-contour efunekayo.
U-Smieja wongeze wathi: "Ezinye izinto, njengekhamera ekumgangatho ophezulu enezikhokelo ezibukhali, zenza kube lula kumqhubi ukulungelelanisa umatshini ngokuchanekileyo ekuqaleni kwendlela entsha yokusikwa."
Ukunciphisa ixesha elichithwe ekusetheni kunokunyusa umgca ongezantsi. "Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yamva nje, ukuseta umatshini wokungqusha ukuba uqalise kube lula," utshilo uChastain. "Abasebenzi bokugaya banokuseta umatshini ukuba usebenze kwimizuzu embalwa."
Iphaneli yokulawula umbala womshini wokugaya i-Roadtec (Astec) iphawulwe ngeleyibhile ecacileyo, elula kwaye iqonde ukusebenza. Itekhnoloji ye-Astec nayo iphucula ukhuseleko. "Izinto zamva nje eziphunyeziweyo kumatshini wokugaya i-Astec CMS zinxulumene nokhuseleko," utshilo uHammon. "Ukuba umntu okanye into enkulu ifunyenwe ngasemva komatshini xa ibuyela umva, inkqubo yokukhangela into yangasemva iya kumisa umatshini wokungqusha. Nje ukuba umntu ashiye indawo ebhaqwayo, umsebenzisi unokuwubuyisela umva umendo womatshini.”
Nangona kunjalo, nangale nkqubela phambili, ukugaya kuseyenye yezicelo ekunzima ukuzitshintsha izakhono zabaqhubi. Mna ngokwam ndicinga ukuba ukucola kuhlala kufuna izinto zabantu,” utshilo uChastain. “Xa izinto zihamba kakuhle, abaqhubi banokuziva. Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle, bayakwazi ukuva. Kunceda kakhulu ukwenza aba matshini bakhuseleke kwaye kube lula ukusebenza.”
Ukuthintela ixesha lokuphumla kugcina iprojekthi yokugaya isendleleni. Kulapho iteknoloji ye-telematics itshintsha imithetho yomdlalo.
"I-Telematics sisixhobo esinamandla sokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokuqokelela idatha yokusebenza ngexesha langempela," kusho uHammon. "Idatha yemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nexesha lokungenzi nto yimizekelo embalwa yolwazi olunokufumaneka ukude xa usebenzisa inkqubo ye-telematics."
I-Astec ibonelela ngenkqubo ye-Telematics Guardian. "Inkqubo ye-Telematics ye-Guardian ivumela unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini phakathi komatshini kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye uchwepheshe wenkonzo evunyiweyo," kusho uHammon. "Oku kubonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokugcina kunye nokuqokelela idatha kumatshini ngamnye."
Xa kukho ingxaki kumatshini wokugaya, kufuneka ichongwe kwaye ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. UChastain uthe: “Umatshini omtsha wokungqusha akufuneki wenze lula umsebenzi kuphela, kodwa wenze lula ukuxilongwa kunye nokusombulula ingxaki kwaba matshini.” Ukwehla komatshini kubi ngakumbi. ”
U-Wirtgen uphuhlise inkqubo yokwazisa abasebenzisi ngeengxaki ezinokubakho. UChastain wathi: “Aba matshini batsha baya kwazisa umntu osebenza nabo xa ezinye izixhobo zingavulwanga, zingasebenzi, okanye zicinywe ngempazamo.” "Oku kulindeleke ukuba kunciphise inani lemingxuma [sele] imisiwe endleleni kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo."
I-Wirtgen iphinde yaseka ukungasebenzi kumatshini wayo wokungqusha ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla. "Xa sithe asiphumelelanga, kwakukho i-backup eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ngoko umatshini wokugaya unokuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokubingelela umgangatho okanye imveliso," kusho uChastain.