Ikhithi ephathekayo inokulungiswa nge-UV-curable fiberglass / vinyl ester okanye i-carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg egcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nezixhobo zokunyanga ibhetri. #imveliso yangaphakathi #iziseko zophuhliso
Ukulungiswa kwe-UV-enyangekayo ye-prepreg patch Nangona ukulungiswa kwe-carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg ephuhliswe yiCustom Technologies LLC ye-infield composite bhulorho ibonakale ilula kwaye ikhawuleza, ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yeglasi eyomelezwe yi-UV-curable vinyl ester resin Prepreg iphuhlise inkqubo elula ngakumbi. . Umthombo womfanekiso: Custom Technologies LLC
Iibhulorho ezihanjiswa ngokwemodyuli ziyi-asethi ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yobuchule bomkhosi kunye nolungiselelo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezibonelelo zothutho ngexesha leentlekele zendalo. Ulwakhiwo oluhlanganisiweyo luyaphononongwa ukunciphisa ubunzima bezo bhulorho, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa umthwalo kwizithuthi zothutho kunye neendlela zokubuyisela kwakhona. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhulorho zetsimbi, izinto ezidibeneyo nazo zinamandla okunyusa umthamo wokuthwala kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
I-Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) ngumzekelo. Seemann Composites LLC (Gulfport, Mississippi, US) kunye neMaterials Sciences LLC (Horsham, PA, US) basebenzisa i-carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates (Umfanekiso 1). ) Uyilo nolwakhiwo). Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi ukulungisa izakhiwo ezinjalo kwintsimi kuye kwaba ngumba othintela ukwamkelwa kwezinto ezidibeneyo.
Umzobo 1 Ibhulorho edibeneyo, i-asethi engundoqo ye-infield Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) yenzelwe kwaye yakhiwa yi-Seemann Composites LLC kunye ne-Materials Sciences LLC usebenzisa i-carbon fiber eqiniswe i-epoxy resin composites. Umthombo womfanekiso: Seeman Composites LLC (ekhohlo) kunye noMkhosi wase-US (ekunene).
Kwi-2016, i-Custom Technologies LLC (i-Millersville, MD, US) ifumene i-US Army-ixhaswe ngemali ye-Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) yeSigaba 1 isibonelelo sokuphuhlisa indlela yokulungisa enokuthi yenziwe ngempumelelo kwisiza ngamajoni. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, isigaba sesibini sesibonelelo se-SBIR sanikezelwa kwi-2018 ukubonisa izinto ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri, nokuba i-patch yenziwa yi-novice ngaphandle koqeqesho lwangaphambili, i-90% okanye ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo inokubuyiselwa i-Raw. amandla. Ubunokwenzeka betheknoloji igqitywe ngokwenza uluhlu lokuhlalutya, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuvelisa i-specimen kunye nemisebenzi yokuvavanya ngoomatshini, kunye nokulungisa okuncinci kunye nokupheleleyo.
Umphandi ophambili kwizigaba ezibini zeSBIR nguMichael Bergen, umseki kunye nomongameli weCustom Technologies LLC. UBergen wathatha umhlala-phantsi kwiCarderock yeZiko leMfazwe yaseLwandle (NSWC) kwaye wasebenza kwiSebe lezoLwakhiwo kunye neZixhobo zeSebe iminyaka eyi-27, apho wayelawula uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obudibeneyo kwiinqanawa ze-US Navy. UDkt. Roger Crane wajoyina i-Custom Technologies kwi-2015 emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kwi-US Navy kwi-2011 kwaye usebenze iminyaka eyi-32. Ubuchwephesha bakhe bezinto ezihlanganisiweyo bubandakanya upapasho lobugcisa kunye namalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, egubungela izihloko ezinjengezinto ezintsha ezidibeneyo, ukuveliswa kweprototype, iindlela zokunxibelelana, imathiriyeli edibeneyo esebenzayo, ukujonga impilo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo.
Ezi ngcali zimbini ziphuhlise inkqubo eyodwa esebenzisa izinto ezidibeneyo ukulungisa iintanda kwi-aluminium superstructure ye-Ticonderoga CG-47 class guided missile cruiser 5456. "Le nkqubo yaphuhliswa ukunciphisa ukukhula kweentanda kunye nokusebenza njengenye indlela yoqoqosho endaweni yebhodi yesi-2 ukuya kwi-4 yezigidi zeedola,” utshilo uBergen. “Ngoko siye sangqina ukuba siyayazi indlela yokwenza ulungiso ngaphandle kwelabhoratri nakwimeko yokwenyani yenkonzo. Kodwa umceli mngeni kukuba iindlela zangoku zempahla yasemkhosini aziphumelelanga kakhulu. Ukhetho ludityaniselwe ukulungiswa kwe-duplex [ngokusisiseko kwiindawo ezonakalisiweyo Gcoba ibhodi phezulu] okanye ususe i-asethi kwinkonzo yokulungiswa kwe-warehouse-level (D-level). Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ukulungiswa kwe-D-level, iimpahla ezininzi zibekelwa ecaleni.
Uqhube wathi into efunekayo yindlela enokwenziwa ngamajoni angenawo amava kwizinto eziyintlanganisela, esebenzisa iikiti kuphela kunye neencwadi zokulungisa. Injongo yethu kukwenza inkqubo ibe lula: funda incwadana, uvavanye umonakalo kwaye wenze ukulungiswa. Asifuni ukuxuba i-resin ezingamanzi, njengoko oku kufuna umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ukuqinisekisa unyango olupheleleyo. Sikwafuna inkqubo engenankunkuma iyingozi emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukulungiswa. Kwaye kufuneka ipakishwe njengekhithi enokuthi isetyenziswe yinethiwekhi ekhoyo. ”
Esinye isisombululo esaboniswa ngempumelelo yi-Custom Technologies yikiti ephathekayo esebenzisa i-epoxy adhesive toughened ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-adhesive composite patch ngokobukhulu bomonakalo (ukuya kwii-intshi ezili-12 zesikwere). Umboniso waqukunjelwa kwizinto ezidibeneyo ezimele idekhi ye-AMCB eyi-3-intshi. Izinto ezidibeneyo zine-3-intshi engqindilili ye-balsa wood core (15 pounds per cubic foot density) kunye nemigangatho emibini yeVectorply (Phoenix, Arizona, US) C -LT 1100 carbon fiber 0 °/90 ° biaxial stitched fabric, omnye umaleko we I-C-TLX 1900 i-carbon fiber 0 ° / + 45 ° / -45 ° i-shafts ezintathu kunye nemigangatho emibini ye-C-LT 1100, iyonke imigangatho emihlanu. "Sigqibe kwelokuba ikiti iya kusebenzisa iipatches ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili kwi-quasi-isotropic laminate efana ne-multi-axis ukwenzela ukuba isalathiso selaphu singabi ngumba," utshilo uCrane.
Umba olandelayo yi-matrix ye-resin esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-laminate. Ukuze ugweme ukuxuba i-resin engamanzi, i-patch iya kusebenzisa i-prepreg. “Nangona kunjalo, le mingeni kukugcina,” utshilo uBergen. Ukuphuhlisa isisombululo se-patch esinokugcinwa, i-Custom Technologies ihlangene ne-Sunrez Corp. (El Cajon, California, USA) ukuphuhlisa i-glass fiber / vinyl ester prepreg enokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) kwimizuzu emithandathu Ukunyanga ukukhanya. Kwakhona isebenzisana neGougeon Brothers (iBay City, eMichigan, eU.SA), eyacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwefilimu entsha ye-epoxy eguquguqukayo.
Uphononongo lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba i-epoxy resin yeyona resin ifanelekileyo kwi-carbon fiber prepregs-UV-curable vinyl ester kunye ne-translucent glass fiber fiber isebenza kakuhle, kodwa ayinyangeki phantsi kokukhanya kwe-carbon fiber. Ngokusekwe kwifilimu entsha kaGougeon Brothers, i-epoxy prepreg yokugqibela iphiliswa iyure e-1 kwi-210 ° F/99 ° C kwaye inobomi obude beshelufu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi-akukho mfuneko yokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi. UBergen uthe ukuba iqondo lobushushu leglasi eliphezulu liyafuneka, intlaka iya kunyangwa kubushushu obuphezulu, obufana ne-350°F/177°C. Zombini ezi prepregs zibonelelwa kwikhithi yokulungisa ephathekayo njengemfumba yeprepreg patches etywiniweyo kwimvulophu yefilimu yeplastiki.
Ekubeni ikhithi yokulungisa inokugcinwa ixesha elide, iCustom Technologies iyafuneka ukuqhuba isifundo sobomi beshelufu. "Sithenge iindawo ezine zeplastiki ezinzima-uhlobo lomkhosi oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuhamba-kwaye sabeka iisampuli ze-epoxy adhesive kunye ne-vinyl ester prepreg kwindawo nganye ebiyelweyo," utshilo uBergen. Iibhokisi zaye zabekwa kwiindawo ezine ezahlukeneyo ukuze zivavanywe: uphahla lwefektri yeGougeon Brothers eMichigan, uphahla lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya saseMaryland, indawo yangaphandle eYucca Valley (intlango yaseCalifornia), kunye nelebhu yovavanyo lwangaphandle esemazantsi eFlorida. Zonke iimeko zinabagcini bedatha, uBergen uthi, "Sithatha idatha kunye neesampulu eziphathekayo ukuze sizivavanye rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu. Ubushushu obuphezulu oburekhodwe kwiibhokisi zaseFlorida naseCalifornia yi-140 ° F, okulungileyo kwiireyisi ezininzi zokubuyisela. Lucelomngeni lokwenene.” Ukongeza, iGougeon Brothers yavavanya ngaphakathi i-epoxy resin esanda kuphuhliswa. "Iisampulu ezifakwe kwi-oven kwi-120 ° F kwiinyanga ezininzi ziqala ukupholisa," kusho uBergen. "Nangona kunjalo, kwiisampulu ezihambelanayo ezigcinwe kwi-110 ° F, i-resin chemistry iphuculwe kuphela ngesixa esincinci."
Ukulungiswa kwaqinisekiswa kwibhodi yokuvavanya kunye nale modeli yesikali ye-AMCB, eyayisebenzisa i-laminate efanayo kunye nezinto eziphambili njengebhuloho yokuqala eyakhiwe yi-Seemann Composites. Umthombo womfanekiso: Custom Technologies LLC
Ukuze ubonise ubuchule bokulungisa, i-laminate yommeli kufuneka yenziwe, yonakaliswe kwaye ilungiswe. "Kwinqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi, ekuqaleni sasebenzisa iiplanga ezincinci ze-4 x 48-intshi kunye neemvavanyo zokugoba ezine-point-point ukuze sihlole ukuba nokwenzeka kwenkqubo yethu yokulungisa," kusho uKlein. "Emva koko, satshintshela kwiipaneli ze-intshi eziyi-12 x 48 kwisigaba sesibini seprojekthi, safaka imithwalo yokuvelisa imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-biaxial ukubangela ukungaphumeleli, emva koko sivavanye ukusebenza kokulungiswa. Kwinqanaba lesibini, sikwagqibe imodeli ye-AMCB esakhe iSondlo.”
UBergen uthe iphaneli yokuvavanya esetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wokulungisa wenziwa kusetyenziswa umgca ofanayo welaminates kunye nezinto eziphambili njenge-AMCB eyenziwa yiSeemann Composites, "kodwa sinciphise ubukhulu bepaneli ukusuka kwi-0.375 intshi ukuya kwi-intshi ye-0.175, ngokusekelwe kwi-parallel axis theorem. . Oku kunjalo. Indlela, kunye nezinto ezongezelelweyo ze-theory ye-beam kunye ne-classical laminate theory [CLT], yayisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umzuzu we-inertia kunye nokuqina okusebenzayo kwe-AMCB epheleleyo kunye nemveliso yedemo encinci elula ukuyiphatha kunye nokunye. isebenza kakuhle emalini. Emva koko, thina Uhlalutyo lwento egqityiweyo [FEA] imodeli ephuhliswe yi-XCraft Inc. (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) yasetyenziselwa ukuphucula uyilo lolungiso lwesakhiwo. Indwangu ye-carbon fiber esetyenziselwa iipaneli zokuvavanya kunye nemodeli ye-AMCB yathengwa kwi-Vectorply, kwaye i-balsa core yenziwe yi-Core Composites (Bristol, RI, US) inikezelwe.
Inyathelo 1. Le phaneli yovavanyo ibonisa i-intshi ye-3 yomngxuma ububanzi ukulinganisa umonakalo ophawulwe kwiziko kunye nokulungisa i-circumference. Umthombo wefoto kuwo onke amanyathelo: Custom Technologies LLC.
Inyathelo 2. Sebenzisa i-grinder ye-manual esebenza ngebhetri ukususa izinto ezonakalisiweyo kwaye uvale i-patch yokulungisa nge-12: 1 taper.
“Sifuna ukulinganisa inqanaba eliphezulu lomonakalo kwibhodi yovavanyo kunokuba unokubonwa kumgangatho webhulorho ebaleni,” ucacise watsho uBergen. “Ngoko ke indlela yethu kukusebenzisa isarha yomngxuma ukwenza umngxuma oyi-intshi ezi-3. Emva koko, sikhupha iplagi yezinto ezonakalisiweyo kwaye sisebenzise igrinder ye-pneumatic ephathwa ngesandla ukwenza isikhafu esingu-12:1.”
I-Crane yachaza ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-carbon fiber / epoxy, xa izinto zepaneli "zonakeleyo" zisusiwe kwaye isikhafu esifanelekileyo sisetyenzisiwe, i-prepreg iya kunqunyulwa ububanzi kunye nobude ukuze ihambelane ne-taper yendawo eyonakeleyo. “Kwiphaneli yethu yovavanyo, oku kufuna iileya ezine ze-prepreg ukugcina imathiriyeli yokulungisa ihambelana nomphezulu wephaneli yekhabhoni engonakaliyo. Emva koko, iileya ezintathu zokugquma zekhabhoni/epoxy prepreg zigxininiswe kule Kwindawo elungisiweyo. Umaleko ngamnye olandelelanayo wandisa i-intshi e-1 kuwo onke macala omaleko ongezantsi, obonelela ngokukhutshelwa komthwalo ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka “kwimpahla elungileyo” ejikelezileyo ukuya kwindawo elungisiweyo.” Ixesha elipheleleyo lokwenza oku kulungiswa-kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwendawo yokulungisa, Ukusika kunye nokubeka izinto zokubuyisela kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo yokunyanga-malunga neeyure ze-2.5.
Kwi-carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg, indawo yokulungisa i-vacuum ipakishwe kwaye inyangelwe kwi-210 ° F / 99 ° C ngeyure enye usebenzisa i-thermal bonder enebhetri.
Nangona ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni / i-epoxy kulula kwaye ngokukhawuleza, iqela laqaphela isidingo sesisombululo esilungele ngakumbi ukubuyisela ukusebenza. Oku kukhokelele ekuphononongweni kwe-ultraviolet (UV) yokunyanga prepregs. "Umdla weSunrez vinyl ester resins usekwe kumava angaphambili omkhosi waselwandle kunye nomseki wenkampani uMark Livesay," utshilo uBergen. “Siqale sanika uSunrez ilaphu leglasi elinganayo, sisebenzisa ivinyl ester prepreg, kwaye savavanya ijika lokunyanga phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kuba siyazi ukuba i-vinyl ester resin ayifani ne-epoxy resin Ebonelela ngokusebenza kokuncamathela okwesibini, ngoko ke imizamo eyongezelelweyo iyafuneka ukuvavanya i-adhesive adhesive layer coupling agents kunye nokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo kwisicelo.
Enye ingxaki kukuba iifayili zeglasi azikwazi ukubonelela ngeempawu ezifanayo zoomatshini njengee-carbon fibers. "Xa kuthelekiswa nekhabhoni / i-epoxy patch, le ngxaki ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa i-layer eyongezelelweyo yeglasi / i-vinyl ester," kusho uCrane. "Isizathu sokuba kutheni kufuneka umaleko omnye kuphela kukuba izinto zeglasi lilaphu elinzima." Oku kuvelisa isiqwenga esifanelekileyo esinokusetyenziswa kwaye sidityaniswe kwimizuzu emithandathu nokuba kubanda kakhulu / kubanda kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu angaphakathi. Ukunyanga ngaphandle kokubonelela ngobushushu. UCrane wachaza ukuba lo msebenzi wokulungisa unokugqitywa kwisithuba seyure.
Zombini iinkqubo zokupakisha ziye zaboniswa kwaye zavavanywa. Ukulungiswa ngalunye, indawo eyonakaliswayo imakishwe (inyathelo 1), yenziwe nge-saw hole, ize isuswe ngokusebenzisa i-grinder ye-manual enebhetri (inyathelo 2). Emva koko usike indawo elungisiweyo ibe yi-12: 1 taper. Coca umphezulu wesikhafu ngephedi yotywala (inyathelo lesi-3). Emva koko, nqunqa i-patch yokulungisa kwisayizi ethile, uyibeke kwindawo ecocekileyo (isinyathelo sesi-4) kwaye udibanise nge-roller ukususa ama-bubbles emoyeni. Kwifiber yeglasi / i-UV-curing vinyl ester prepreg, emva koko ubeke umaleko wokukhulula kwindawo elungiswe kwaye unyange isiziba ngesibane se-UV esingenantambo imizuzu emithandathu (inyathelo lesi-5). I-carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg, sebenzisa i-pre-programmed, iqhosha elinye, i-thermal bonder enebhetri yokukhupha ipakethe kwaye uphilise indawo yokulungiswa kwi-210 ° F / 99 ° C ngeyure enye.
Isinyathelo 5. Emva kokubeka i-peeling layer kwindawo elungisiweyo, sebenzisa isibane se-UV esingenantambo ukunyanga i-patch imizuzu emi-6.
"Emva koko siye saqhuba iimvavanyo zokuvavanya ukunamathela kwesiqwenga kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukubuyisela umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo," kusho uBergen. "Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka sibonakalise ukukhululeka kwesicelo kunye nokukwazi ukubuyisela ubuncinci be-75% yamandla. Oku kwenziwa ngokugoba kwamanqaku amane kwi-4 x 48 intshi ye-carbon fiber / epoxy resin kunye ne-balsa core beam emva kokulungisa umonakalo owenziweyo. Ewe. Isigaba sesibini seprojekthi sisebenzise iphaneli ye-12 x 48 intshi, kwaye kufuneka ibonise ngaphezu kwe-90% yeemfuno zamandla phantsi kwemithwalo enzima yoxinzelelo. Sadibana nazo zonke ezi mfuno, kwaye emva koko sifota iindlela zokulungisa kwimodeli ye-AMCB. Indlela yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-infield kunye nezixhobo ukunika ireferensi ebonakalayo. ”
Umba ophambili weprojekthi kukungqina ukuba abaqalayo banokugqiba ngokulula ukulungiswa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uBergen wayenombono: “Ndithembise ukubonisa abafowunelwa bethu ababini bobugcisa eMkhosini: UGqr Bernard Sia no-Ashley Genna. Kuphononongo lokugqibela lwesigaba sokuqala seprojekthi, ndacela ukuba kungabikho kulungiswa. U-Ashley onamava wenze ukulungiswa. Esebenzisa ikiti kunye nencwadana yemigaqo esiyinike yona, wasebenzisa isiziba waza wagqiba ukulungisa ngaphandle kwengxaki. "
Umzobo we-2 Unyango olunamandla ebhetri olulungiselelwe kwangaphambili, umatshini we-thermal bonding osebenza ngebhetri unokunyanga i-carbon fiber / epoxy patch yokulungisa ngokucofa iqhosha, ngaphandle kwesidingo solwazi lokulungisa okanye inkqubo yomjikelezo wokuphilisa. Umthombo womfanekiso: Custom Technologies, LLC
Olunye uphuhliso oluphambili yinkqubo yokunyanga ibhetri (Umfanekiso 2). “Ngokulungiswa kwe-infield, unamandla ebhetri kuphela,” utshilo uBergen. "Zonke izixhobo zenkqubo kwikhithi yokulungisa esiyiphuhlisileyo ayinazingcingo." Oku kuquka ibhetri-powered thermal bonding ephuhliswe ngokudibeneyo yiCustom Technologies kunye ne-thermal bonding machine supplier WichiTech Industries Inc. (Randallstown, Maryland, USA) umatshini. "Le bhondi ye-thermal esebenza ngebhetri icwangciswe kwangaphambili ukuba igqibezele ukunyanga, ngoko ke ii-novices akufuneki zicwangcise umjikelo wokunyanga," utshilo uCrane. "Bafuna nje ukucofa iqhosha ukugqiba indlela efanelekileyo kunye nokucwina." Iibhetri ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zingahlala unyaka phambi kokuba ziphinde zitshajwe.
Ngokugqitywa kwesigaba sesibini seprojekthi, iCustom Technologies ilungiselela iziphakamiso zokuphucula ukulandelela kunye nokuqokelela iileta ezinomdla kunye nenkxaso. "Injongo yethu kukuvuthisa le teknoloji kwi-TRL 8 kwaye siyizise ebaleni," kusho uBergen. "Sikwabona nokubakho kwezicelo ezingezizo ezomkhosi."
Uchaza ubugcisa obudala obusemva koqinisekiso lokuqala lwefayibha kwishishini, kwaye unokuqonda okunzulu kwesayensi yefibre entsha kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Iza kamsinya kwaye ibhabha okokuqala, i-787 ixhomekeke kubuchule obutsha kwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokufezekisa iinjongo zayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2021