oomatshini bomgangatho wemizi-mveliso

UMark Ellison umi kumgangatho weplywood eluhlaza, ejonge le ndlu yedolophu yenkulungwane ye-19. Ngaphezulu kwakhe, amajoyinti, imiqadi, kunye neengcingo zinqumlana kukukhanya okuphakathi, oku kwendlu yesigcawu esiphambeneyo. Akaqinisekanga ukuba makayakhiwe njani le nto. Ngokwesicwangciso somakhi, eli gumbi liya kuba ligumbi lokuhlambela eliphambili-i-cocoon egobileyo ye-plaster, edanyaza ngezibane ze-pinhole. Kodwa isilingi ayenzi ngqiqo. Isiqingatha sawo ngumbhobho ongaphakathi, njengongaphakathi kwicathedral yaseRoma; esinye isiqingatha yindlu yegroin, njenge-nave yecathedral. Ephepheni, igophe elingqukuva lenye idome lihamba kakuhle lingena kwigophe elingqukuva lenye idome. Kodwa ukubayeka bakwenze oku kumacala amathathu kuliphupha elibi. “Ndibonise imizobo kumdlali webhesi kwiqela,” utshilo uEllison. Uyingcali yefiziksi, ngoko ndambuza, 'Ngaba ungayenza icalculus kule nto?' Wathi hayi.’”
Imigca ethe tye ilula, kodwa iigophe zinzima. UEllison uthe uninzi lwezindlu ziingqokelela nje zeebhokisi. Sizibeka ecaleni okanye zidityaniswe, kanye njengabantwana abadlala ngeebhloko zokwakha. Yongeza uphahla olunxantathu kwaye ugqibile. Xa isakhiwo sisakhiwe ngesandla, le nkqubo iya kuvelisa i-curves-igloos, izindlu zodaka, ii-yurts, ii-yurts-kunye nabayili bezakhiwo baye bazuza ukuthanda kwabo ngee-arches kunye ne-domes. Kodwa ukuveliswa kobuninzi beemilo ezisicaba kunexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye i-sawmill nganye kunye nefektri ivelisa ngokobukhulu obufanayo: izitena, iibhodi zokhuni, iibhodi zegypsum, iithayile ze-ceramic. U-Ellison uthe le yingcinezelo ye-orthogonal.
“Nam andinakuyibala le nto,” wongeze watsho enyusa amagxa. "Kodwa ndiyakwazi ukuyakha." UEllison ngumchweli—abanye bathi ngoyena mchweli ubalaseleyo eNew York, nangona oku kungabandakanywanga. Kuxhomekeka kumsebenzi, uEllison ukwangumchweli, umkroli, ikontraki, umchweli, umqambi kunye nomyili wemizi-mveliso. Ungumchweli, kanye njengoFilippo Brunelleschi, umyili weDome yaseFlorence Cathedral, yinjineli. Uyindoda eqeshwe ukuba yakhe into engenakwenzeka.
Kumgangatho ongezantsi kwethu, abasebenzi bathwele iplanga benyusa iseti yezinyuko zexeshana, bephepha iithayile ezingagqitywanga ekungeneni. Imibhobho kunye neengcingo zingena apha kumgangatho wesithathu, zijikeleza phantsi kwee-joists kunye nomgangatho, ngelixa inxalenye yesitephusi inyuswa ngeefestile kumgangatho wesine. Iqela labasebenzi besinyithi laliziwelda endaweni yalo, litshiza intlantsi enonyawo olude emoyeni. Kumgangatho wesihlanu, phantsi kwesilingi enyukayo yestudiyo se-skylight, kupeyintwa imiqadi yentsimbi eveziweyo, ngelixa umchweli wakha isahlulo eluphahleni, kwaye umenzi wamatye wadlula kwisikafula ngaphandle ukuze abuyisele izitena kunye neendonga zamatye amdaka ngaphandle. . Le yingxubakaxaka eqhelekileyo kwindawo yokwakha. Into ebonakala ingenamkhethe eneneni yinkqubo entsonkothileyo eyenziwe ngabasebenzi abanobuchule kunye namalungu, acwangciswe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kwangaphambili, kwaye ngoku adityaniswe ngolandelelwano olumiselwe kwangaphambili. Into ebonakala ngathi yindyikityha yokufa lutyando oluhlaziyayo. Amathambo kunye namalungu esakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza ivulekile njengezigulane etafileni yokusebenza. U-Ellison uthe kuhlala kumdaka ngaphambi kokuba i-drywall iphakame. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, andizange ndiyiqonde.
Wahamba waya kumbindi weholo enkulu waza wema apho okwelitye elisemsinga, esalathisa amanzi, engashukumi. UEllison uneminyaka engama-58 ubudala kwaye ebengumchweli phantse iminyaka engama-40. Yindoda enkulu enamagxa anzima kwaye ithe tye. Unezandla ezomeleleyo neenzipho ezinyama, intloko enempandla nemilebe enyama, ephuma kwiindevu ezikrazukileyo. Kukho ubuchule bomongo onzulu kuye, kwaye womelele ukufunda: ubonakala ngathi wenziwe ngezinto ezixineneyo kunabanye. Ngelizwi elibi kunye namehlo abanzi, alumkileyo, ukhangeleka njengomlingiswa ovela kuTolkien okanye uWagner: uNibelungen ohlakaniphile, umenzi wobuncwane. Uyabathanda oomatshini, umlilo kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Uthanda umthi, ubhedu kunye nelitye. Wathenga umxube wesamente kwaye wayethe phithi ngawo iminyaka emibini-engakwazi ukuyeka. Wathi into eyamtsalayo ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwiprojekthi ethile yayingamandla omlingo, nto leyo eyayingalindelekanga. Ukubengezela kwelitye elinqabileyo kuzisa umxholo wehlabathi.
“Akukho mntu wakha wandiqesha ukuba ndenze izakhiwo zemveli,” utshilo. “Oobhiliyoni abazifuni kwa izinto zakudala. Bafuna okungcono kunexesha lokugqibela. Bafuna into engazange yenziwe mntu ngaphambili. Le yindawo yabo yodwa kwaye isenokuba bubudenge.” Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuya kwenzeka. Ummangaliso; amaxesha amaninzi hayi. UEllison wakhele izindlu zikaDavid Bowie, uWoody Allen, uRobin Williams, kunye nabanye abaninzi angenakubizwa ngamagama. Iprojekthi yakhe yexabiso eliphantsi ixabisa malunga nezigidi ezi-5 zeedola zaseMelika, kodwa ezinye iiprojekthi zinokudumba ziye kwi-50 yezigidi okanye ngaphezulu. “Ukuba bafuna iDownton Abbey, ndingabanika iDownton Abbey,” utshilo. Ukuba bafuna ibhafu yaseRoma, ndiza kuyakha. Ndenze iindawo ezimbi kakhulu-ndithetha, ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa andinayo iponi kulo mdlalo. Ukuba bafuna iStudio 54, mna Iya kwakhiwa. Kodwa iya kuba yeyona Studio 54 bakha bayibona, kwaye enye iStudio 56 iya kongezwa. ”
Indawo yaseNew York ekumgangatho ophezulu ikhona kwi-microcosm ngokwayo, ixhomekeke kwimathematika engaqhelekanga. Ayinazithintelo eziqhelekileyo, njengenqaba yenaliti ephakanyisiweyo ukuze ihlangabezane nayo. Nakweyona ndawo inzulu yengxaki yemali, ngo-2008, izityebi eziphezulu zaqhubeka nokwakha. Bathenga izindlu ezithengiswayo ngamaxabiso aphantsi baze bazenze zibe zizindlu zokurenta ezitofotofo. Okanye uzishiye zingenanto, ucinga ukuba imarike iya kuphila kwakhona. Okanye uzifumane eTshayina okanye eSaudi Arabia, engabonakaliyo, ucinga ukuba isixeko siseyindawo ekhuselekileyo yokupaka izigidi. Okanye ulutyeshele ngokupheleleyo uqoqosho, ucinga ukuba aluyi kubenzakalise. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zobhubhane, abantu abaninzi babethetha ngabantu abazizityebi baseNew York ababaleka esixekweni. Imarike yonke yayiwa, kodwa ekwindla, imarike yezindlu zodidi yaqala ukuphinda ibuyele: kwiveki yokugqibela kaSeptemba kuphela, ubuncinci izindlu ezingama-21 eManhattan zathengiswa ngaphezulu kwe-4 yezigidi zeedola. “Yonke into esiyenzayo ayibobulumko,” watsho uEllison. “Akukho mntu uya kongeza ixabiso okanye athengise njengoko sisenza kumagumbi aqeshisayo. Akukho mntu uyidingayo. Bayifuna nje.”
INew York mhlawumbi yeyona ndawo inzima emhlabeni yokwakha izakhiwo. Indawo yokwakha nantoni na incinci kakhulu, imali yokuyakha ininzi kakhulu, kunye noxinzelelo, njengokwakhiwa kwegiza, iinqaba zeglasi, i-Gothic skyscrapers, iitempile zaseYiputa kunye nemigangatho ye-Bauhaus ibhabha emoyeni. Ukuba kukho nantoni na, ingaphakathi labo liyikristale engaqhelekanga ngakumbi xa uxinzelelo lujikela ngaphakathi. Thatha i-elevator yangasese kwindawo yokuhlala yePark Avenue, umnyango unokuvulwa kwigumbi lokuhlala laseFransi okanye indawo yokuzingela yesiNgesi, i-minimalist loft okanye ilayibrari yaseByzantine. Isilingi izele ngabangcwele nabafeli-nkolo. Akukho ngqiqo inokukhokelela ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye. Akukho mthetho wocando okanye isiko loyilo elidibanisa ibhotwe le-12 kunye ne-24 yentsimbi. Iinkosi zazo ziyafana nazo.
UEllison wathi kum: “Andiwufumani umsebenzi kwizixeko ezininzi zaseUnited States. “Lo msebenzi awukho apho. Yeyobuqu kakhulu.” INew York inezindlu ezisicaba ezifanayo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, kodwa ezi zinokubekwa kwizakhiwo eziphawulekayo okanye zidityaniswe kwiziza ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwiziseko zebhokisi yesanti. Ukushukuma okanye ukugquma kwizibonda ezikwikota yemayile ukuphakama. Emva kweenkulungwane ezine zokwakhiwa kunye nokudilizwa emhlabeni, phantse yonke ibhloko ingumtya ophambeneyo wesakhiwo kunye nesimbo, kwaye ixesha ngalinye lineengxaki zalo. Indlu yekholoniyali intle kakhulu, kodwa ibuthathaka kakhulu. Iplanga lazo alomiswa kwiziko, ngoko ke nawaphi na amaplanga asekuqaleni aya kujika, abole okanye aqhekeke. Amaqokobhe ezindlu zedolophu ezili-1,800 zilungile kakhulu, kodwa akukho nto yimbi. Iindonga zabo zisenokuba sisitena esinye ubukhulu, yaye udaka lwakhukuliswa yimvula. Izakhiwo zangaphambi kwemfazwe zaziphantse zingangenwa ziimbumbulu, kodwa imijelo yazo yentsimbi emdaka yayizele ngumhlwa, nemibhobho yobhedu yayiethe-ethe yaye iqhekekile. “Ukuba wakha indlu eKansas, akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzikhathaze ngale nto,” utshilo uEllison.
Izakhiwo ze-Mid-century zinokuthi zithembeke kakhulu, kodwa qaphela ezo zakhiwe emva kwe-1970. Ukwakhiwa kwakukhululekile kwi-80s. Abasebenzi kunye neendawo zokusebenza zihlala zilawulwa yi-mafia. "Ukuba ufuna ukuphumelela uhlolo lwakho lomsebenzi, umntu uya kufowunela kwifowuni yoluntu kwaye uya kuhamba nemvulophu yeedola ezingama-250," ukhumbule uEllison. Isakhiwo esitsha sisenokuba sibi ngokufanayo. Kwigumbi elinobunewunewu elise-Gramercy Park eliphethwe nguKarl Lagerfeld, iindonga zangaphandle ziyavuza kanobom, kwaye eminye imigangatho iyakrazula okweetshiphusi zetapile. Kodwa ngokwamava kaEllison, eyona nto imbi kakhulu yiTrump Tower. Kwindlu awayeyilungisile, iifestile zadlula, kwakungekho migca yemozulu, kwaye isiphaluka sasibonakala sidityaniswe kunye neentambo zokwandisa. Undixelele ukuba umgangatho awulingani kakhulu, ungawisa iqhekeza lebhastile kwaye ulibukele liqengqeleka.
Ukufunda iintsilelo kunye nobuthathaka bexesha ngalinye ngumsebenzi wobomi bonke. Akukho sidanga sobugqirha kwizakhiwo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Abachweli abanalo iiribhoni ezibhlowu. Le yeyona ndawo ikufutshane e-United States kumbutho wamaxesha aphakathi, kwaye uqeqeshelo-msebenzi lude kwaye aluqhelekanga. UEllison uqikelela ukuba kuya kuthabatha iminyaka eli-15 ukuze abe ngumchweli ophum’ izandla, yaye lo msebenzi awenzayo uza kuthabatha eminye iminyaka eli-15. “Abantu abaninzi abayithandi loo nto. Iyamangalisa kwaye inzima kakhulu,” utshilo. ENew York, nokudilizwa bubuchule obugqwesileyo. Kwizixeko ezininzi, abasebenzi banokusebenzisa ii-crowbars kunye ne-sledgehammers ukulahla inkunkuma kumgqomo wenkunkuma. Kodwa kwisakhiwo esizele zizityebi, abanini abaqondayo, abasebenzi kufuneka benze utyando. Nakuphi na ukungcola okanye ingxolo inokubangela ukuba iholo yesixeko ibize, kwaye umbhobho owaphukileyo unokuyonakalisa iDegas. Ngoko ke, iindonga kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngokucophelela, kwaye iziqwenga kufuneka zifakwe kwi-container rolling okanye i-55-gallon drums, ifafazwe ukuhlalisa uthuli, kwaye ivalwe ngeplastiki. Ukudiliza nje indlu kunokuxabisa isinye kwisithathu se-US$1 yesigidi.
Uninzi lwee-co-op kunye namagumbi anqabileyo ahambelana "nemithetho yasehlotyeni." Bavumela kuphela ukwakhiwa phakathi koSuku lweSikhumbuzo kunye noMhla woMsebenzi, xa umniniyo ephumle eTuscany okanye eHampton. Oku kuye kwayenza mandundu imingeni esele inkulu yolungiselelo. Akukho ndlela yokuqhuba, ngasemva, okanye indawo evulekileyo yokubeka izixhobo. Iindlela ezisecaleni kwendlela zimxinwa, izinyuko zimfiliba yaye zicuthene, yaye ilifti izele ngabantu abathathu. Kufana nokwakha inqanawa ebhotileni. Xa ilori yafikayo nemfumba yodonga olomileyo, yaxinga emva kwelori ehambayo. Kungekudala, kwavakala ukuxinana kweemoto, amaxilongo, yaye amapolisa akhupha amatikiti. Emva koko ummelwane wafaka isikhalazo kwaye iwebhusayithi yavalwa. Nangona imvume ilungile, ikhowudi yokwakha i-labyrinth yeendlela ezihambayo. Izakhiwo ezibini zaseMpuma Harlem zaqhushumba, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kuhlolwe igesi engqongqo. Udonga olugcinayo kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia lwadilika lwaza lwabulala umfundi, nto leyo eyabangela umgangatho omtsha wodonga lwangaphandle. Inkwenkwe encinci yawa ukusuka kumgangatho wamashumi amahlanu anesithathu. Ukususela ngoku, iifestile zawo onke amagumbi anabantwana azikwazi ukuvulwa ngaphezu kwee-intshi ezine ezinesiqingatha. UEllison wandixelela ukuba: “Kukho intetho yakudala ethi imigaqo yokwakha ibhalwe egazini. Ikwabhalwa ngoonobumba abacaphukisayo. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uCindy Crawford wayenamaqela amaninzi kwaye ikhontrakthi entsha yengxolo yazalwa.
Ngalo lonke eli xesha, njengoko abasebenzi bejonga imiqobo yesixeko, kwaye njengoko ukuphela kwehlobo kusondela, abanini bahlaziya izicwangciso zabo zokongeza ubunzima. Kunyaka ophelileyo, uEllison wagqiba iminyaka emithathu, i-42 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika i-72nd Street penthouse iprojekthi yokulungiswa. Le ndlu inemigangatho emithandathu kunye ne-20,000 square feet. Ngaphambi kokuba ayigqibe, kwafuneka ayile kwaye akhe ngaphezu kwe-50 yefenitshala yesiko kunye nezixhobo zomatshini-ukusuka kwi-TV ekhatywayo ngaphezu kwendawo yomlilo yangaphandle ukuya kumnyango wobungqina bomntwana obufana ne-origami. Inkampani yorhwebo inokuthatha iminyaka ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya imveliso nganye. UEllison uneeveki ezimbalwa. “Asinaxesha lokwenza iiprototypes,” utshilo. “Aba bantu bafuna ngamandla ukungena kule ndawo. Ndiye ndafumana ithuba. Sakha iprototype, emva koko bahlala kuyo. ”
UEllison kunye neqabane lakhe uAdam Marelli babehlala kwitafile yeplywood ekwindlu yedolophu, bephonononga ishedyuli yosuku. U-Ellison uhlala esebenza njengekontraka ezimeleyo kwaye uqeshwe ukwakha iindawo ezithile zeprojekthi. Kodwa yena kunye noMagneti Marelli kutshanje badibanise imikhosi yokulawula yonke iprojekthi yokulungiswa. U-Ellison ujongene nesakhiwo kunye nokugqitywa kwesakhiwo - iindonga, izitebhisi, iikhabhinethi, iileyile kunye nemithi - ngelixa uMarelli unembopheleleko yokunyamekela imisebenzi yayo yangaphakathi: i-plumbing, umbane, i-sprinklers kunye ne-ventilation. UMarelli, oneminyaka engama-40, ufumene uqeqesho njengegcisa elibalaseleyo kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York. Uchithe ixesha lakhe ekupeyinteni, ekuyilweni, ekufotweni nasekusefini eLavalette, eNew Jersey. Ngeenwele zakhe ezinde ezigobileyo ezimdaka kunye nesimbo sasedolophini esibhityileyo, ubonakala engumlingane ongaqhelekanga ka-Ellison kunye neqela lakhe-i-elf phakathi kwe-bulldogs. Kodwa wayethe phithi bubuchule njengoEllison. Ebudeni bomsebenzi wabo, bathetha ngoxolo phakathi kweplani kunye neefacade, iKhowudi yeNapoleon kunye neenyawo zaseRajasthan, ngelixa bexoxa ngeetempile zaseJapan kunye noyilo lwesiGrike. “Yonke into imalunga neeellipses kunye namanani angekho ngqiqweni,” utshilo uEllison. “Olu lulwimi lomculo nobugcisa. Kufana nobomi: akukho nto ilungiswa yedwa.
Le yayiyiveki yokuqala bebuyela kwindawo yexhwayelo emva kweenyanga ezintathu. Ukugqibela kwam ukubona u-Ellison ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari, xa wayesilwa nesilingi yokuhlambela, kwaye wayenethemba lokugqiba lo msebenzi ngaphambi kwehlobo. Emva koko yonke into yaphela ngesiquphe. Ukuqala kobhubhane, bekukho iindawo zokwakha ezingama-40,000 eNew York—phantse ukuphinda kabini inani leendawo zokutyela esixekweni. Ekuqaleni, ezi ndawo zahlala zivulekile njengeshishini elisisiseko. Kwezinye iiprojekthi ezineemeko eziqinisekisiweyo, abasebenzi abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokuya emsebenzini kwaye bathathe i-elevator kumgangatho we-20 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwada kwaba ngasekupheleni kukaMatshi, emva kokuba abasebenzi beqhankqalazile, apho phantse i-90% yeendawo zokusebenza zavalwa. Nangaphakathi endlwini, unokuziva ukungabikho, ngokungathi akukho ngxolo yezithuthi ngequbuliso. Isandi sezakhiwo ezisuka emhlabeni sithetha ngeso sixeko—ukubetha kwentliziyo yaso. Kwakuthe cwaka ngoku.
U-Ellison uchithe intwasahlobo yedwa kwistudiyo sakhe eNewburgh, umgama nje weyure ukusuka kuMlambo i-Hudson. Wenza iinxalenye zendlu yedolophu kwaye unika ingqwalasela ethe kratya kookontraka bakhe abancinci. Zingama-33 iinkampani ziceba ukuthatha inxaxheba kule projekthi, ukusuka kumaphahla kunye nabakhi besitena ukuya kwiingcibi zentsimbi kunye nabenzi bekhonkrithi. Andazi ukuba bangaphi abantu abazakubuya kwi-quarantine. Umsebenzi wokulungisa usoloko usemva koqoqosho ngeminyaka emibini. Umniniyo ufumana ibhonasi yeKrisimesi, aqeshe umzobi wezakhiwo kunye nekontraka, aze alinde ukuba imizobo igqitywe, iimvume zikhutshwe, kwaye abasebenzi bayaphuma engxakini. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kuqala, kudla ngokuba sekusemva kwexesha. Kodwa ngoku ukuba izakhiwo zeofisi kulo lonke elaseManhattan azinanto, ibhodi ye-co-ops ithintele lonke ulwakhiwo olutsha kwikamva elibonakalayo. U-Ellison uthe: "Abafuni ukuba iqela labasebenzi abamdaka abaphethe i-Covid bajikeleze."
Xa esi sixeko saphinda saqalisa ukwakha ngoJuni 8, sabeka imida nezivumelwano ezingqongqo, sixhaswa sisohlwayo samawaka amahlanu eerandi. Abasebenzi kufuneka bathathe ubushushu bomzimba wabo kwaye baphendule imibuzo yezempilo, banxibe iimaski kwaye bagcine umgama wabo-urhulumente ubeka umda kwiindawo zokwakha kumsebenzi omnye ngeemitha ezingama-250 zesikwere. Indawo ye-7,000-square-foot efana nale ingahlalisa kuphela abantu abangama-28. Namhlanje, kukho abantu abalishumi elinesixhenxe. Abanye abasebenzi basathandabuza ukuyishiya indawo yokuvalelwa. “Abadibanisi, abasebenzi bentsimbi, kunye nabachweli beempahla bonke ngabakule nkampu,” utshilo uEllison. “Bakwimeko engcono kancinci. Baneshishini labo kwaye bavule istudiyo eConnecticut. ” Eqhula wababiza ngokuba ngabarhwebi abakhulu. UMarelli wahleka wathi: “Abo banezidanga zasekholejini kwisikolo sobugcisa badla ngokubenza ngeezicubu ezithambileyo.” Abanye bemka edolophini kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. “Iron Man ibuyele e-Ecuador,” utshilo uEllison. Uthe uzakubuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kodwa useGuayaquil kwaye uhamba nenkosikazi yakhe.
Njengabasebenzi abaninzi kwesi sixeko, izindlu zika-Ellison noMarelli zazizele ngabantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe abakwisizukulwana sokuqala: iiplamba zaseRashiya, abasebenzi baphantsi baseHungary, iingcibi zombane zaseGuyana, nabakroli bamatye baseBangladesh. Isizwe kunye neshishini zihlala zidibana. Xa uEllison efudukela eNew York okokuqala ngeminyaka yee-1970, abachweli babonakala bengamaIrish. Emva koko babuyela ekhaya ngexesha lokuchuma kwe-Celtic Tigers kwaye bathatyathelwa indawo ngamaza aseSerbia, ama-Albania, amaGuatemala, amaHondurans, amaColombia kunye nama-Ecuadorian. Uyakwazi ukulandelela iingxabano kunye nokuwa kwehlabathi ngokusebenzisa abantu kwi-scaffolding eNew York. Abanye abantu beza apha benezidanga eziphambili ezingabancediyo. Abanye babaleka amaqela abulalayo, amashishini athengisa iziyobisi, okanye izifo eziye zaqhambuka ngaphambili: ikholera, i-Ebola, i-meningitis, i-yellow fever. “Ukuba ujonge indawo yokusebenzela ngamaxesha amabi, iNew York ayisiyondawo imbi,” utshilo uMarelli. “Awukho phezu kwesikafula soqalo. Awuyi kubethwa okanye ukhohliswe lilizwe lolwaphulo-mthetho. Umntu waseSpanishi unokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwiqela laseNepalese. Ukuba unokulandela umkhondo wobume, ungasebenza imini yonke. ”
Le ntwasahlobo yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa nakweliphi na ixesha lonyaka, ukwakhiwa lishishini eliyingozi. Nangona imimiselo ye-OSHA kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko, abasebenzi be-1,000 e-United States basafa emsebenzini minyaka yonke-ngaphezu kwanoma yiyiphi enye imboni. Bafa ngenxa yezothuso zombane neegesi ezidubulayo, umsi oyityhefu, nemibhobho yomphunga eyaphukileyo; bacinezelwa ngeefolokhwe, oomatshini, baza bangcwatywa kububutyobo; zawa phezu kwezindlu, imiqadi, iileli, kunye cranes. Uninzi lweengozi zikaEllison zenzeke ngelixa eqhuba ibhayisekile kwindawo yesigameko. (Elokuqala laphula isihlahla salo neembambo ezimbini; elesibini laphuka isinqe, elesithathu laphuka umhlathi namazinyo amabini.) Kodwa kukho isiva esingqindilili kwisandla saso sasekhohlo esaphantse saphuke isandla. Wayibona, waza wabona iingalo ezintathu zinqunyulwa kwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo. Nkqu noMarelli, owayegxininisa kakhulu kubaphathi, waphantse wafa yimfama kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Xa iziqwenga ezithathu zadubula zaza zamgqobhoza ukhozo lweliso lasekunene, wayemi kufutshane nomnye umsebenzi owayesika izikhonkwane zentsimbi ngesarha. Bekungolwesihlanu. NgoMgqibelo, wacela i-ophthalmologist ukuba isuse inkunkuma kwaye isuse umhlwa. NgoMvulo, wabuyela emsebenzini.
Ngenye imva kwemini ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, ndadibana noEllison noMarelli kwisitrato esinemithi kwikona yeMetropolitan Museum of Art kwi-Upper East Side. Sityelele indawo awayesebenza kuyo uEllison kwiminyaka eli-17 eyadlulayo. Kukho amagumbi alishumi kwindlu yedolophu eyakhiwe ngo-1901, eyeyosomashishini kunye nomvelisi weBroadway uJames Fantaci kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uAnna. (Bayithengisa malunga ne-20 yezigidi zeedola zase-US kwi-2015.) Ukusuka kwisitalato, isakhiwo sinesitayela esinamandla sobugcisa, kunye neentambo ze-limestone kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi. Kodwa sakuba singena ngaphakathi, imigca yayo ehlaziyiweyo iqalisa ukuthamba ibe sisitayile se-Art Nouveau, ngeendonga kunye neeplanga ezigobayo nezisongayo. Kufana nokungena kwinyibiba yamanzi. Umnyango wegumbi elikhulu ufana negqabi eligobileyo, kwaye i-staircase ejikelezayo ejikelezayo yenziwa emva kocango. UEllison uncedise ekusekeni ezi zimbini kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba ziyahambelana iigophe zomnye nomnye. I-mantelpiece yenziwe ngamacheri aqinileyo kwaye isekelwe kwimodeli eqingqwe ngumyili wezakhiwo u-Angela Dirks. Indawo yokutyela inomgca weglasi kunye neentsimbi ze-nickel-plated eziqingqwe ngu-Ellison kunye nemihlobiso yeentyatyambo ze-tulip. Nkqu negumbi lewayini linesilingi yepearwood. “Le yeyona ndawo ikufutshane endakha ndahlala kuyo entle,” utshilo uEllison.
Kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, ukwakha indlu enjalo eParis kufuna ubuchule obumangalisayo. Namhlanje, kunzima ngakumbi. Akunjalo nje ukuba ezo zithethe zobugcisa ziphantse zanyamalala, kodwa kunye nezona zinto zihle kakhulu-i-mahogany yaseSpain, i-Carpathian elm, i-Thassos marble ecocekileyo emhlophe. Igumbi ngokwalo lihlaziyiwe. Iibhokisi ebezikade zihonjisiwe ngoku ziye zaba ngoomatshini abantsonkothileyo. Udaka ngumaleko nje obhityileyo wegauze, ofihla igesi eninzi, umbane, iintambo zamehlo kunye neentambo, izixhobo zokuva umsi, izixhobo ezishukumayo, iinkqubo zestereo kunye neekhamera zokhuseleko, iirotha zeWi-Fi, iinkqubo zolawulo lwemozulu, iinguqu kunye nezibane ezizenzekelayo. . Nendlu yesitshizi. Umphumo kukuba indlu intsonkothe ​​kangangokuba kusenokufuneka abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo bayinyamekele. “Andiqondi ukuba ndakhe ndamakhela indlu umntu onelungelo lokuhlala apho,” wandixelela uEllison.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kuye kwaba yinkalo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ifulethi elifana neli linokufuna ukhetho oluninzi kunesiphekepheke-ukusuka kwimilo kunye nepatina yehenjisi nganye kunye nomqheba ukuya kwindawo ye-alarm yefestile nganye. Abanye abathengi bafumana ukudinwa kwesigqibo. Abanakuzivumela ukuba bathathe isigqibo kwenye inzwa ekude. Abanye banqwenela ukwenza ngokwezifiso yonke into. Ixesha elide, ii-slabs zegranite ezinokubonwa kuyo yonke indawo kwiikhawuntari zasekhitshini zisasazeke kwiikhabhinethi kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-geological molds. Ukuze uthwale ubunzima belitye kwaye uthintele ucango ukuba lungakrazuki, u-Ellison kwafuneka ahlaziye zonke izixhobo ze-hardware. Kwindlu ekwiSitrato sama-20, umnyango wangaphambili wawunzima kakhulu, kwaye ihenjisi ekuphela kwayo eyayinokuwuxhasa yayisetyenziselwa ukubamba isisele.
Njengoko sihamba ngendlu, u-Ellison waqhubeka evula amagumbi afihliweyo - iipaneli zokufikelela, iibhokisi ze-circuit breaker, iidrowa ezifihlakeleyo kunye neekhabhinethi zamayeza - nganye ifakwe ngobuchule kwi-plaster okanye kwiplanga. Wathi enye yezona ndawo zinzima kulo msebenzi kukufumana indawo. Iphi na into entsokothileyo? Izindlu zasedolophini zigcwele i-voids efanelekileyo. Ukuba umqhubi womoya akalingani nesilingi, nceda uyifake kwi-attic okanye kwi-basement. Kodwa amagumbi aseNew York awaxoleli kangako. “Uphahla oluphezulu? Yintoni esihogweni kwigumbi eliphezulu?" Utshilo uMarelli. "Abantu kwesi sixeko balwela ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seentshi." Amakhulu eekhilomitha zeengcingo kunye nemibhobho yondlalwe phakathi kodaka kunye nezikhonkwane kwezi ndonga, zijijelwe njengeebhodi zesekethe. Ukunyamezelana akwahlukanga kakhulu kwezo zeshishini leyacht.
“Kufana nokusombulula ingxaki enkulu,” utshilo u-Angela Dex. "Khangela nje indlela yokuyila zonke iinkqubo zemibhobho ngaphandle kokudiliza isilingi okanye ukukhupha izinto eziphambeneyo-yintuthumbo." UDirks, oneminyaka engama-52, uqeqeshe kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kunye neYunivesithi yasePrinceton kwaye ugxile kuyilo lwangaphakathi lwendawo yokuhlala. Uthe kwiminyaka engama-25 yomsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumyili wezakhiwo, uneeprojekthi ezine kuphela ezilobu bukhulu ezinokunika ingqalelo enjalo kwiinkcukacha. Ngesinye isihlandlo, umthengi wade wamlandela kwinqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa kunxweme lwaseAlaska. Wathi kufakwa itowel bar kwigumbi lokuhlambela ngalo mini. Ngaba iDirks ingavuma ezi ndawo?
Uninzi lwabanini abanakulinda ukulinda ukuba umakhi wezakhiwo akhulule yonke i-kink kwinkqubo yokubhobhoza. Banemali-mboleko ephindwe kabini yokuqhubeka de ukulungiswa kugqitywe. Namhlanje, ixabiso ngonyawo lwesikwere seeprojekthi zika-Ellison azifane zibe ngaphantsi kwe-1,500 yeedola, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zibe kabini phezulu. Ikhitshi elitsha liqala kwi-150,000; igumbi lokuhlambela eliphambili linokuqhuba ngakumbi. Ixesha elide leprojekthi, ixabiso lithanda ukunyuka. “Andizange ndisibone isicwangciso esinokwakhiwa ngendlela ecetywayo,” utshilo uMarelli. "Mhlawumbi abaphelelanga, bayaphikisana nefiziksi, okanye kukho imizobo engayichaziyo indlela yokuphumeza amabhongo abo." Emva koko kwaqala umjikelo oqhelekileyo. Abanini babeka uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kodwa iimfuno zigqithise umthamo wabo. Abayili bezakhiwo bathembisa ngokuphezulu kakhulu kwaye iikontraka zanikezela ngokuphantsi kakhulu, kuba babesazi ukuba iiplani zinengqiqo. Kwaqaliswa ukwakhiwa, kwalandelwa liqela elikhulu lemiyalelo yokutshintsha. Isicwangciso esithathe unyaka kwaye saxabisa iwaka leedola kwisikwere sobude bebhaluni kunye nexabiso eliphindwe kabini, wonke umntu watyhola wonke umntu. Ukuba ihla ngesithathu kuphela, bayibiza ngokuba yimpumelelo.
“Yinkqubo nje ephambeneyo,” wandixelela uEllison. “Umdlalo wonke ulungiselelwe ukuba iinjongo zomntu wonke zichasane. Lo ngumkhwa nomkhwa ombi.” Kuninzi lomsebenzi wakhe, akazange enze zigqibo zibalulekileyo. Ungumpu oqeshiweyo kwaye usebenza ngexabiso leyure. Kodwa ezinye iiprojekthi zinzima kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi omncinci. Zifana neenjini zemoto kunezindlu: kufuneka ziyilwe ngokwemaleko ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lixhonywe ngokuchanekileyo kwelinye. Xa uluhlu lokugqibela lodaka lubekwe, imibhobho kunye neengcingo eziphantsi kwayo kufuneka zibe tyaba ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-perpendicular ukuya kwii-intshi ezili-16 ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-10. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini ngalinye linonyamezelo olwahlukileyo: injongo yomkhandi wentsimbi kukuchaneka ukuya kutsho kwisiqingatha se-intshi, ukuchaneka komchweli yi-intshi enye, ukuchaneka kwesheeter yi-intshi enye yesibhozo, kwaye ukuchaneka komkhandi ngamatye kusisinye sesibhozo se-intshi. intshi. Omnye weshumi elinesithandathu. Umsebenzi kaEllison kukugcina zonke kwiphepha elifanayo.
UDirks ukhumbula ukuba wangena kuye ngenye imini emva kokuba ethathiwe ukuze alungelelanise umsebenzi. Indlu yayidilizwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye wachitha iveki kwindawo edilikayo yedwa. Wathatha imilinganiselo, wabeka umgca ophakathi, kwaye wabonisa yonke into, isokhethi kunye nepaneli. Uye wazoba amakhulu emizobo ngesandla kwiphepha legrafu, wakhetha iindawo eziyingxaki waza wachaza nendlela yokuyilungisa. Izakhelo zeengcango neentsimbi, intsimbi ejikeleze izinyuko, iminyango efihlwe emva kodonga lwesithsaba, kunye neekhethini zombane ezifakwe kwiipokotho zefestile, zonke zineenxalenye ezincinane ezinqamlezileyo, zonke ziqokelelwe kumdibaniso omkhulu omnyama weringi. “Yiyo loo nto wonke umntu efuna uMarko okanye umntu ongomnye kaMarko,” wandixelela uDex. “Olu xwebhu luthi, 'Andazi nje kuphela okwenzekayo apha, kodwa kwanento eyenzekayo kuyo yonke indawo nakuzo zonke iindlela zokuziphatha.'
Iziphumo zazo zonke ezi zicwangciso zibonakala ngakumbi kunokuba zibonwa. Ngokomzekelo, ekhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela, iindonga kunye nemigangatho ayibonakali, kodwa ngandlela-thile iphelele. Kuphela emva kokuba ubajongile ixesha elithile uye wafumanisa isizathu: yonke ithayile kumqolo ngamnye igqityiwe; akukho zidibanisi ezibhityileyo okanye imida ecuthiweyo. UEllison waqwalasela le milinganiso ichanekileyo yokugqibela xa kusakhiwa igumbi. Akukho thayile kufuneka isikwe. “Xa ndingena, ndikhumbula uMark ehleli phaya,” watsho uDex. “Ndambuza ukuba wenza ntoni, wandijonga wathi, ‘Ndicinga ukuba ndigqibile.’ Liqokobhe nje elingenanto, kodwa yonke into isengqondweni kaMark.”
Ikhaya likaEllison lijongene nesityalo esilahliweyo sekhemikhali kumbindi weNewburgh. Yakhiwa ngo-1849 njengesikolo samakhwenkwe. Yibhokisi yezitena eqhelekileyo, ejongene nendlela, eneveranda yomthi edilikayo ngaphambili. Ezantsi kukho istudiyo sikaEllison, apho amakhwenkwe ayefundela umsebenzi wesinyithi kunye nokuchwela. Phezulu yindlu yakhe, indawo ende, efana neshedi ezaliswe ziziginkci, iiamplifiers, izitho zeHammond kunye nezinye izixhobo zebhendi. Exhonywe eludongeni ngumzobo awawubolekwa ngumama wakhe—ingakumbi umbono othe qelele woMlambo i-Hudson kunye nemizobo ethile yamanzi ebonisa imifanekiso yobomi bakhe besamurai, kuquka negorha elinqumle intloko utshaba lwakhe. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, esi sakhiwo sasihlala abantu abangoosokhaya nezinja ezilahlekileyo. Yahlaziywa ngo-2016, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba u-Ellison angene, kodwa indawo yokuhlala isenzima. Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, kuye kwabulawa abantu abane kwiibhloko ezimbini.
UEllison uneendawo ezingcono: indlu yedolophu eBrooklyn; indlu enamagumbi amathandathu eVictorian awayibuyisela eStaten Island; indlu yasefama kuMlambo i-Hudson. Kodwa uqhawulo-mtshato lwamzisa apha, kwicala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lomlambo, ngaphesheya kwebhulorho kunye nowayesakuba ngumfazi wakhe kwiBeacon yomgangatho ophezulu, olu tshintsho lwalubonakala lumfanela. Ufunda uLindy Hop, edlala kwiqela le-honky tonk, kwaye enxibelelana namagcisa kunye nabakhi abangabanye okanye abahlwempuzekileyo ukuba bangahlala eNew York. NgoJanuwari kunyaka ophelileyo, isikhululo somlilo esidala iibhloko ezimbalwa ukusuka kwikhaya lika-Ellison zaya kuthengiswa. Amakhulu amathandathu amawaka, akufunyanwanga kutya, kwaye ke ixabiso lehla ukuya kumakhulu amahlanu amawaka, kwaye watshixizela amazinyo. Ucinga ukuba ngokulungiswa okuncinci, oku kunokuba yindawo efanelekileyo yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. “Ndiyayithanda iNewburgh,” wandixelela xa ndandimtyelele apho. “Kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga kuyo yonke indawo. Ayikafiki okwangoku-iyakhiwa.”
Ngenye intsasa emva kwesidlo sakusasa, samisa kwivenkile ethengisa izinto zokwakha ukuze sithenge iiblade zesarha yetafile yakhe. UEllison uthanda ukugcina izixhobo zakhe zilula kwaye ziguquguquka. Isitudiyo sakhe sinesitayile se-steampunk-phantse kodwa asifani ncam nezitudiyo ze-1840s-kwaye ubomi bakhe boluntu bunamandla afanayo adibeneyo. Wathi kum: “Emva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka, ndiyakwazi ukuthetha iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezili-17. “Ndim umsila. Ndingumhlobo weglasi. Ndim ilitye. NdiyiNjineli. Ubuhle bale nto kukuba uqale ugrumbe umngxuma emhlabeni, kwaye upholise intsimbi yokugqibela yobhedu ngesanti engamawaka amathandathu egrit. Kum, yonke into ilungile. "
Njengenkwenkwana eyakhulela ePittsburgh phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, yathatha ikhosi yokuntywiliselwa ekuguquleni ikhowudi. Kwakungexesha lesixeko sentsimbi, kwaye iifektri zazixinene ngamaGrike, amaTaliyane, amaScots, amaIrish, amaJamani, amaYurophu aseMpuma, kunye nabantsundu basemazantsi, abafudukela emantla ngexesha lokuFuduka okuKhulu. Basebenza kunye kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kunye neziqhushumbisi, kwaye emva koko baye kwi-puddle yabo ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku. Yayiyidolophu emdaka, ehamba ze, kwaye kukho iintlanzi ezininzi ezidada esiswini kuMlambo iMonongahela, kwaye uEllison wacinga ukuba yile nto kanye yenziwa yintlanzi. “Ivumba lomsizi, umphunga, kunye neoli—livumba lobuntwana bam elo,” wandixelela. “Ungaqhuba ukuya emlanjeni ebusuku, apho kukho iikhilomitha ezimbalwa kuphela zezingqusho zentsimbi ezingayeki ukusebenza. Ziyavutha kwaye ziphosa iintlantsi kunye nomsi emoyeni. Ezi zilo zinkulu ziqwenga wonke umntu, abazi nje.”
Indlu yakhe iphakathi kumbindi wamacala omabini eendawo ezisezidolophini, kumgca obomvu phakathi koluntu oluntsundu nolumhlophe, ukunyuka nokuhla. Uyise wayeyingcali yezentlalo kunye nowayesakuba ngumfundisi-xa uReinhold Niebuhr wayelapho, wafunda kwi-United Theological Seminary. Umama wakhe waya kwisikolo sezonyango kwaye waqeqeshwa njengogqirha wemithambo-luvo wabantwana ngelixa ekhulisa abantwana abane. UMarko ngowesibini omncinane. Ekuseni, waya kwisikolo sokulinga esivulwe yiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh, apho kukho amagumbi okufundela eemodyuli kunye nootitshala be-hippie. Emva kwemini, yena nenkitha yabantwana babekhwele iibhayisekile ezithwala iibhanana, benyathela phezu kwamavili, betsiba ecaleni kwendlela, yaye bedlula kwiindawo ezivulekileyo namatyholo, ngokungathi libubu leempukane ezilumayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha, wayephangwa okanye aphoswe eluthangweni. Nakuba kunjalo, iselizulu.
Xa sibuyela kwindlu yakhe sisuka kwivenkile ethengisa izinto zokwakha, wandidlalela ingoma awayeyibhale emva kohambo lwamva nje olusiya kwindawo yakudala. Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala elapha malunga neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ukucula kukaEllison yinto yakudala kwaye enzima, kodwa amazwi akhe anokuphumla kwaye athambile. "Kuthatha iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ukuba umntu akhule / eminye iminyaka embalwa ukumenza avakale kakuhle," wacula. "Vumela isixeko siphuhlise ikhulu leminyaka / sidilize ngosuku olunye / okokugqibela ndisuka ePittsburgh / bakha isixeko apho eso sixeko sasihlala / abanye abantu banokufumana indlela yabo yokubuya / kodwa kungekhona mna."
Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, unina wayehlala eAlbany, nto leyo eyayinjalo ePittsburgh. UEllison wachitha iminyaka emine eyalandelayo kwisikolo sasekuhlaleni, “esisisiseko esenza ukuba isidenge sigqwese.” Emva koko wafumana olunye uhlobo lweentlungu kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sasePhillips College eAndover, Massachusetts. Ngokwentlalo, yayiyindawo yokuqeqesha amadoda aseMelika: UJohn F. Kennedy (Omnci.) wayekho ngelo xesha. Ngokwengqondo, ingqongqo, kodwa ikwafihlakele. U-Ellison ubesoloko ecinga ngezandla. Unokuchitha iiyure ezimbalwa ukuze aphembelele impembelelo yemagnethi yomhlaba kwindlela ezibhabha ngayo iintaka, kodwa iindlela ezisulungekileyo azifane zingene engxakini. “Ngokucacileyo, andingowalapha,” watsho.
Wafunda indlela yokuthetha nabantu abazizityebi-obu bubuchule obuluncedo. Kwaye, nangona wathatha ikhefu ngexesha likaHoward Johnson lokuhlamba izitya, i-Georgia tree planter, abasebenzi base-Arizona zoo, kunye nomchweli oqeqeshelwa umsebenzi waseBoston, ukwazile ukungena kunyaka wakhe omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uphumelele iyure enye kuphela yekhredithi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, xa iYunivesithi yaseColumbia imamkela, wayeka emva kweeveki ezintandathu, eqonda ukuba kwakungaphezulu. Wafumana indawo yokuhlala enexabiso eliphantsi eHarlem, waxhoma iimpawu zokushicilela, wanikela ngamathuba okwakha ii-attics kunye neekhabhathi zeencwadi, waza wafumana umsebenzi wesingxungxo ukuze avale isithuba. Xa abo wayefunda nabo baba ngamagqwetha, abarhwebi, nabarhwebi behedge fund—abantu awayeza kuba ngabaxhamli bakhe—wothula elorini, wafunda ibhanjo, wasebenza kwivenkile edibanisa iincwadi, wakha iice cream, waza ngokuthe ngcembe wakwazi ukuthengiselana. Imigca ethe tye ilula, kodwa iigophe zinzima.
U-Ellison uye kulo msebenzi ixesha elide, ukwenzela ukuba izakhono zayo ziyindalo yesibini kuye. Banokwenza izakhono zakhe zibukeke zingaqhelekanga kwaye zingakhathali. Ngenye imini, ndabona umzekelo omhle eNewburgh, xa wayesakha izinyuko zendlu yasedolophini. Izitepsi yiprojekthi ye-iconic ka-Ellison. Zezona zakhiwo zintsonkothileyo kumakhaya amaninzi—zimele zizimele zize zihambe emajukujukwini—kwaneempazamo ezincinci zinokubangela ukuqokelelana okuyintlekele. Ukuba inyathelo ngalinye liphantsi kakhulu kwimizuzwana engama-30, izitepsi zinokuba yi-intshi ezi-3 ngaphantsi kweqonga eliphezulu. “Izitebhisi ezingalunganga ngokucacileyo azilunganga,” utshilo uMarelli.
Noko ke, izinyuko zikwayilelwe ukutsalela ingqalelo yabantu kubo. Kwindlu enkulu efana neBreakers, indlu yehlobo yesibini saseVanderbilt eNewport yakhiwa ngo-1895, kwaye izinyuko zifana nomkhusane. Ngokukhawuleza xa iindwendwe zifikile, amehlo azo asuka eholweni ukuya kwinkosikazi ethandekayo kwisambatho esiphezu kwesiporo. Amanyathelo ayephantsi ngabom-i-intshi ezintandathu phezulu endaweni yesiqhelo ezisixhenxe ezinesiqingatha ii-intshi-ukuze amvumele ngcono ukuba atyibilike ezantsi ngaphandle komxhuzulane ukuze azibandakanye neqela.
Umakhi wezakhiwo uSantiago Calatrava wayekhe wabhekisela kwizitepsi uEllison ezakhelwe kuye njengomsebenzi wobugcisa. Le yayingafikeleli kwaloo mgangatho—uEllison wayeqinisekile kwasekuqaleni ukuba yayimele yenziwe ngokutsha. Imizobo ifuna ukuba inyathelo ngalinye lenziwe ngentsimbi enye ene-perforated, egobileyo ukwenza inyathelo. Kodwa ubukhulu bentsimbi bungaphantsi kwe-intshi enye yesibhozo, kwaye phantse isiqingatha salo ngumngxuma. UEllison wabala ukuba xa abantu abaliqela benyuka ngezinyuko ngaxeshanye, bekuya kugoba njengesarha. Ukwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu, intsimbi iya kuvelisa ukuphuka koxinzelelo kunye nemiphetho edibeneyo kunye ne-perforation. “Ngokusisiseko iba yigrater yomntu,” utshilo. Leyo yeyona meko ilungileyo. Ukuba umnini olandelayo uthatha isigqibo sokususa ipiyano enkulu ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu, isakhiwo sonke sinokuwa.
UEllison wathi: “Abantu bandihlawula imali eninzi ukuze ndiyiqonde le nto.” Kodwa enye indlela ayilula kangako. Ikota ye-intshi yentsimbi yomelele ngokwaneleyo, kodwa xa egoba, intsimbi isakhala. Ngoko uEllison waya kwelinye inyathelo. Wayiqhumisa intsimbi ngeblowtorch yade yakhazimla i-orenji emnyama, wayiyeka iphole kancinci. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-annealing, iphinda ilungelelanise ii-athom kwaye ikhulule amabhondi azo, yenze isinyithi sibe shushu ngakumbi. Uthe xa ephinda egoba intsimbi, akwabikho nyembezi.
Iintambo ziphakamisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibuzo. Ezi ziibhodi zokhuni zecala kunye nezinyuko. Kwimizobo, zenziwe ngomthi we-poplar kwaye zijikwe njengeerebhoni ezingenamthungo ukusuka kumgangatho ukuya kumgangatho. Kodwa indlela yokusika i-slab ibe yigophe? Iirutha kunye nezixhobo zinokuwugqiba lo msebenzi, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide. Umyili olawulwa yikhompyuter unokusebenza, kodwa entsha iya kuxabisa amawaka amathathu eedola. U-Ellison wagqiba ekubeni asebenzise isarha yetafile, kodwa kwakukho ingxaki: i-sawhi yetafile ayikwazanga ukusika amagophe. Incakuba yayo ejikelezayo yenzelwe ukusika ngokuthe ngqo ebhodini. Inokuthambeka ekhohlo okanye ekunene ngenxa yokusikwa kwe-engile, kodwa akukho nto ingaphezulu.
“Le yenye yezinto ethi 'musani ukuyizama le nto ekhaya, bantwana!' into,” utshilo. Wema ngakwisarha yetafile waza wabonisa ummelwane wakhe nowayesakuba ngumfundi emsebenzini uCaine Budelman ukuba makwenziwe njani oku. UBudman uneminyaka engama-41 ubudala: umsebenzi wentsimbi waseBhritane oqeqeshiweyo, indoda eblond ebhintini, isimilo esivakalala, isimilo somdlalo. Emva kokutshisa umngxuma ezinyaweni zakhe ngebhola ye-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo, wayeka umsebenzi wokuphosa kwi-Rock Tavern ekufuphi waza wayila umsebenzi womthi wezakhono ezikhuselekileyo. UEllison wayengaqinisekanga kangako. Utata wakhe waphulwe iminwe emithandathu ngesarha-kathathu kabini. “Abantu abaninzi baya kuphatha okokuqala njengesifundo,” utshilo.
U-Ellison wachaza ukuba iqhinga lokusika i-curves nge-saw yetafile kukusebenzisa i-saw engalunganga. Wabamba iplanga yepoplar kwimfumba ekwisihlalo. Akazange ayibeke phambi kwamazinyo asarha njengabachweli abaninzi, kodwa wayibeka ecaleni kwamazinyo asarha. Emva koko, ejonge uBudelman owayebhidekile, wayeka incakuba ejikelezayo, emva koko ngokuzolileyo wayityhalela ecaleni ibhodi. Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, imilo egudileyo yesiqingatha senyanga yayikrolwe ebhodini.
U-Ellison ngoku wayekwi-groove, etyhala iplanga kwisarha kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, amehlo akhe evalelwe ekugxininiseni kwaye eqhubela phambili, i-blade yajikeleza i-intshi ezimbalwa esandleni sakhe. Emsebenzini, wayesoloko exelela Budelman anecdotes, amabali kunye neengcaciso. Wandixelela ukuba umchweli owuthandayo uEllison yindlela elawula ngayo ubukrelekrele bomzimba. Njengomntwana obukele iPirates kwi-Three Rivers Stadium, wayekhe wamangaliswa yindlela uRoberto Clemente ayazi ngayo apho angayibhabha khona ibhola. Ubonakala ebala i-arc echanekileyo kunye nokukhawuleza ngexesha elishiya i-bat. Akunjalo uhlalutyo oluthile njengoko luyinkumbulo yemisipha. “Umzimba wakho uyazi kuphela indlela yokwenza,” utshilo. "Iyabuqonda ubunzima, iilevers, kunye nendawo ngendlela ingqondo yakho ekufuneka iqikelele ngayo ngonaphakade." Oku kuyafana nokuxelela uEllison ukuba abeke phi itshiseli okanye nokuba enye imilimitha yomthi kufuneka isikwe. Wathi: “Ndiyamazi lo mchweli uSteve Allen. “Ngenye imini, waguqukela kum wathi, ‘Andiqondi. Xa ndisenza lo msebenzi kufuneka ndigxininise kwaye nithetha ububhanxa imini yonke. Imfihlo kukuba, andicingi njalo. Ndeza neNdlela ethile, emva koko ndagqiba ukucinga ngayo. Andisayikhathazi ingqondo yam.”
Wavuma ukuba le yayiyindlela yobudenge yokwakha izitebhisi, kwaye wayeceba ukuba angaze aphinde ayenze. Andifuni kubizwa ngokuba ngumfana onezinyuko ezinemingxuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba yenziwe kakuhle, iya kuba nezinto zomlingo azithandayo. Iintambo kunye namanyathelo ziya kupeyintwa ezimhlophe ngaphandle kwee-seams ezibonakalayo okanye izikrufu. Iindawo zokumisa iingalo ziya kuba yi-oki eneoli. Xa ilanga lidlula kwi-skylight ngaphezulu kwezitebhisi, liya kudubula iinaliti ezikhanyayo kwimingxuma kwizinyuko. Izitepsi zibonakala zingenamda kwisithuba. “Le asiyondlu omawugalele imuncu kuyo le,” watsho uEllison. “Wonke umntu uyabheja ukuba inja yomniniyo iya kuyinyathela na. Kuba izinja zikrelekrele kunabantu.”
Ukuba uEllison angenza enye iprojekthi ngaphambi kokuba athathe umhlala-phantsi, isenokuba yindlu yokuhombisa esiyindwendwele ngo-Okthobha. Yenye yeendawo zokugqibela ezingabangwanga eNew York, kwaye yenye yezokuqala: umphezulu weSakhiwo saseWoolworth. Xa yavulwa ngo-1913, iWoolworth yayiyeyona ndawo iphakamileyo ehlabathini. Isenokuba yeyona intle kakhulu. Iyilwe ngumzobi uCass Gilbert, igqunywe ngeterracotta emhlophe emenyezelayo, ehonjiswe ngee-arches ze-neo-gothic kunye nemihombiso yefestile, kwaye imi malunga neemitha ezingama-800 ngaphezulu kwe-Lower Manhattan. Isithuba esisityeleleyo sikwimigangatho emihlanu yokuqala, ukusuka kwithambeka elingaphezulu komgangatho wokugqibela wesakhiwo ukuya kwindawo yokuhlola ekwispire. IiPropati zoMphuhlisi weAlchemy ziyibiza ngokuba yiPinnacle.
UEllison weva ngayo okokuqala kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuDavid Horsen. UDavid Horsen ngumyili wezakhiwo ahlala esebenzisana naye. Emva kokuba olunye uyilo lukaThierry Despont lusilele ukutsala abathengi, uHotson waqeshwa ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezithile kunye neemodeli ze3D zePinnacle. KuHotson, ingxaki icacile. UDespont wayekhe wabona indlu yedolophu esibhakabhakeni, enemigangatho ebekwe phezu kweparquet, iikhanyile kunye namathala eencwadi afakwe ngamaplanga. Amagumbi mahle kodwa anesidima-anokuba nakwesiphi na isakhiwo, hayi incam yale skyscraper imangalisayo, ikhulu leenyawo ubude. Ngoko uHotson wazivuthela. Kwimizobo yakhe, umgangatho ngamnye ukhokelela kumgangatho olandelayo, ujikeleza uthotho lwezinyuko ezimangalisayo. “Kufuneka ibangele ukuphefumla ngalo lonke ixesha iphakama kuwo wonke umgangatho,” utshilo uHotson. "Xa ubuyela eBroadway, awuyi kuyiqonda le nto usandula ukuyibona."
I-Hotson eneminyaka engama-61 ubudala ibhityile kwaye i-angular njengeendawo aziyilileyo, kwaye uhlala enxiba iimpahla ezifanayo ze-monochrome: iinwele ezimhlophe, ihempe engwevu, ibhulukhwe engwevu kunye nezihlangu ezimnyama. Xa wayedlala ePinnacle kunye noEllison kunye nam, wayebonakala ewoyika amathuba akhe-njengomqhubi womculo wegumbi ophumelele i-baton ye-New York Philharmonic. Ikheshi yasisa kwiholo yabucala kumgangatho wamashumi amahlanu, emva koko izinyuko ezikhokelela kwigumbi elikhulu. Kwizakhiwo ezininzi zanamhlanje, indawo ephambili yeelevator kunye nezitepsi ziya kunabela phezulu kwaye zithathe uninzi lwemigangatho. Kodwa eli gumbi livuleke ngokupheleleyo. Isilingi inemigangatho emibini ukuphakama; iimbono ze-arched zesixeko zinokunconywa kwiifestile. Ungabona iPalisades kunye neThrogs Neck Bridge ukuya emantla, iSandy Hook emazantsi kunye nonxweme lwaseGalili, eNew Jersey. Sisithuba nje esimhlophe esinemiqadi emininzi yentsimbi enqumlayo, kodwa iseyamangalisa.
Ngasempuma ngaphantsi kwethu, sinokubona uphahla lwetayile eluhlaza yeprojekthi yangaphambili kaHotson kunye no-Ellison. Ibizwa ngokuba yiHouse of the Sky, yaye iyindlu enemigangatho emine kwisakhiwo esiphakamileyo saseRoma esakhelwe umvakalisi wonqulo ngowe-1895. Ingelosi enkulu yayigadile kuzo zonke iikona. Ngo-2007, xa le ndawo yayithengiswa nge-6.5 yezigidi zeedola-irekhodi kwisithili sezemali ngelo xesha-yayingekho amashumi eminyaka. Phantse akukho mibhobho yamanzi okanye umbane, kuphela ezinye iziqendu ezifotweyo zikaSpike Lee “Inside Man” kunye noCharlie Kaufman “Synecdoche eNew York.” Indlu eyilwe nguHotson zombini yindawo yokudlala yabantu abadala kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo oqaqambileyo-ukufudumala okugqibeleleyo kwePinnacle. Kwi-2015, uyilo lwangaphakathi luyilinganise njengeyona ndawo ingcono kakhulu yeshumi leminyaka.
I-Sky House asiyomfumba yeebhokisi. Igcwele indawo yokwahlula kunye ne-refraction, njengokungathi uhamba ngedayimani. “UDavid, ecula ukufa okuxande ngendlela yakhe ecaphukisayo yaseYale,” undixelele uEllison. Nangona kunjalo, igumbi aliziva lidlamkile njengoko linjalo, kodwa lizele ziziqhulo ezincinci kunye nezothusayo. Umgangatho omhlophe unika indlela kwiipaneli zeglasi apha naphaya, kukuvumela ukuba uhambe emoyeni. Intsimbi yentsimbi exhasa isilingi yegumbi lokuhlala nayo iyipali yokunyuka enamabhanti okhuseleko, kwaye iindwendwe zinokuhla ngeentambo. Kukho iitonela ezifihlwe emva kweendonga zegumbi lokulala eliphambili kunye negumbi lokuhlambela, ngoko ke ikati yomniniyo inokurhuqa ijikeleze kwaye ikhuphe intloko yayo ngaphandle kwendawo encinci. Yonke imigangatho emine idityaniswe sisilayidi esikhulu se-tubula esenziwe ngentsimbi ekhazimlisiweyo yaseJamani. Phezulu, i-cashmere blanket inikezelwa ukuqinisekisa ukukhwela ngokukhawuleza, ukukhwela.