Abagqibi bekhonkrithi banokuzuza ngokutshintshela kwizixhobo zezandla ezisekelwe kwi-zinc ukusuka kwi-bronze. Ezi zimbini zikhuphisana ngobunzima, ukuqina, ubume bekhwalithi kunye nokugqitywa kobugcisa-kodwa i-zinc inezinye izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo.
Izixhobo zobhedu ziyindlela ethembekileyo yokufezekisa imida yeradius kunye nokulawula okuthe tye kwikhonkrithi. Isakhiwo sayo esomeleleyo sinokusasazwa kobunzima obufanelekileyo kwaye sinokubonelela ngeziphumo zobungcali bobuchwephesha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izixhobo zobhedu zihlala zisisiseko sezinto ezininzi zokugqiba oomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho luza ngexabiso. Iindleko zemali kunye nezabasebenzi zemveliso yobhedu zibangela ilahleko kwishishini, kodwa akufuneki ukuba kube njalo. Kukho enye into ekhoyo-zinc.
Nangona ukubunjwa kwabo kuhluke, i-bronze kunye ne-zinc ineempawu ezifanayo. Bakhuphisana omnye komnye ngokwemiqathango yokuqina, ukuqina, ubume bomgangatho kunye neziphumo zonyango olusemgangathweni ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-zinc inezinye izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo.
Ukuveliswa kweZinc kunciphisa umthwalo kwiikontraka kunye nabavelisi. Kwisixhobo ngasinye sobhedu esiveliswayo, izixhobo ezimbini ze-zinc zinokuthatha indawo yayo. Oku kunciphisa imali echithwayo kwizixhobo ezibonelela ngeziphumo ezifanayo. Ukongeza, imveliso yomenzi ikhuselekile. Ngokutshintsha ukhetho lwemarike kwi-zinc, zombini iikontraka kunye nabavelisi baya kuzuza.
Xa ujongisisa indlela eyenziwe ngayo, ufumanisa ukuba ubhedu luyingxubevange yobhedu ebisetyenziswa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-5 000. Ngexesha elibalulekileyo leBronze Age, yayiyeyona nto inzima kwaye iguquguqukayo yentsimbi eqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngabantu, ivelisa izixhobo ezingcono, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukuze umntu aphile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukudibanisa ubhedu kunye ne-tin, i-aluminium okanye i-nickel (etc.). Uninzi lwezixhobo eziphathekayo ziyi-88-90% yobhedu kunye ne-10-12% ye-tin. Ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina kunye ne-ductility ephezulu kakhulu, le ngqungquthela ifaneleke kakhulu izixhobo. Ezi mpawu zikwabonelela ngomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-abrasion kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Ngelishwa, iyakwazi ukubola.
Ukuba ibonakaliswe kumoya owaneleyo, izixhobo zobhedu ziya ku-oxidize kwaye zijike zibe luhlaza. Lo maleko oluhlaza, obizwa ngokuba yipatina, ngokuqhelekileyo luphawu lokuqala lokunxiba. I-patina inokusebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela, kodwa ukuba i-chlorides (njengaleyo emanzini olwandle, umhlaba okanye i-sweat) ikhona, ezi zixhobo zinokukhula zibe "isifo sobhedu". Oku kukuphela kwezixhobo ze-cuprous (ezisekelwe kubhedu). Sisifo esosulelayo esinokungena kwintsimbi kwaye siyitshabalalise. Xa oku kwenzekile, akukho phantse ithuba lokuyiyeka.
Umthengisi we-zinc uhlala e-United States, ethintela umsebenzi wokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Oku akuzange kuzise imisebenzi yobugcisa eUnited States kuphela, kodwa kunciphise kakhulu iindleko zemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa. Iinkampani zaseMarshalltown
Ngenxa yokuba i-zinc ayinayo i-cuprous, "isifo sobhedu" sinokuphetshwa. Ngokuchasene noko, yinto yentsimbi eneskwele sayo kwitafile yeperiodic kunye ne-hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure. Ikwanabo nobulukhuni obuphakathi, kwaye inokwenziwa isebenziseke lula kwaye kulula ukusetyenzwa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kancinci kunobushushu be-ambient.
Ngelo xesha, zombini i-bronze kunye ne-zinc inobunzima obufaneleke kakhulu kwizixhobo (kwi-Mohs ubulukhuni bentsimbi, i-zinc = 2.5; i-bronze = 3).
Ukugqitywa kwekhonkrithi, oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokumalunga nokubunjwa, umehluko phakathi kobhedu kunye ne-zinc uncinci. Zombini zibonelela ngezixhobo eziphathekayo ezinomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-abrasion, kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa phantse iziphumo ezifanayo zokugqiba. I-Zinc ayinazo zonke izinto ezingeloncedo ezifanayo-ikhaphukhaphu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyamelana namabala obhedu, kwaye iyabiza.
Imveliso yobhedu ixhomekeke kwiindlela ezimbini zokuvelisa (ukugalelwa kwesanti kunye nokuphosa ukufa), kodwa akukho ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kubavelisi. Isiphumo kukuba abavelisi banokudlulisela obu bunzima bezemali kwiikontraka.
Ukugalelwa kwesanti, njengoko negama lisitsho, kukugalela ubhedu olunyibilikisiweyo kubumba olulahlwayo oluprintwe ngesanti. Ekubeni umngundo uyalahlwa, umenzi kufuneka atshintshe okanye aguqule ukubumba kwisixhobo ngasinye. Le nkqubo ithatha ixesha, elibangela ukuba izixhobo ezimbalwa ziveliswe kwaye zibangele iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo zobhedu ngenxa yokuba unikezelo alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno eqhubekayo.
Kwelinye icala, ukuphosa ukufa akuyonto enye. Emva kokuba isinyithi se-liquid sigalelwe kwi-mold yensimbi, iqiniswe kwaye isuswe, i-mold iphinda ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Kubavelisi, i-disadvantage kuphela yale ndlela kukuba iindleko ze-mold-casting mold enye ingaba phezulu kumakhulu amawaka eedola.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuphosa umenzi akhetha ukuyisebenzisa, ukucola kunye nokuchithwa kubandakanyeka. Oku kunika izixhobo zobhedu umphezulu wonyango ogudileyo, olungele ishelufu kwaye ulungele ukusetyenziswa. Ngelishwa, le nkqubo idinga iindleko zabasebenzi.
Ukugaya kunye nokuchithwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuveliswa kwezixhobo zobhedu, kwaye kuya kuvelisa uthuli olufuna ukuhluzwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukungena komoya. Ngaphandle koku, abasebenzi banokugula sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumoconiosis okanye “pneumoconiosis”, esibangela ukuba izicubu ezikralayo ziqokelelane emiphungeni kwaye zinokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zemiphunga.
Nangona ezi ngxaki zempilo zihlala zigxile emiphungeni, amanye amalungu nawo asemngciphekweni. Amanye amasuntswana anokunyibilika egazini, ewavumela ukuba asasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba, echaphazela isibindi, izintso kunye nengqondo. Ngenxa yezi meko ziyingozi, abanye abavelisi baseMelika abasazimisele ukubeka abasebenzi babo esichengeni. Kunoko, lo msebenzi unikezelwa ngaphandle. Kodwa kwanabo bavelisi bangaphandle bacele ukuba kuyekwe ukuveliswa kobhedu kunye nokusila okubandakanyekayo.
Njengoko bembalwa kwaye beba mbalwa abavelisi bebronze ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, iibronzi ziya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuzifumana, okukhokelela kumaxabiso angafanelekanga.
Ukugqitywa kwekhonkrithi, umahluko phakathi kobhedu kunye ne-zinc uncinci. Zombini zibonelela ngezixhobo eziphathekayo ezinomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-abrasion, kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa phantse iziphumo ezifanayo zokugqiba. I-Zinc ayinazo zonke izinto ezingeloncedo ezifanayo-ikhaphukhaphu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyamelana nesifo sobhedu, kwaye ayinandleko. Iinkampani zaseMarshalltown
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imveliso ye-zinc ayithwali ezi ndleko ezifanayo. Oku kungenxa yophuhliso lwezinc-lead blast furnace ekhawulezayo yokucima i-zinc-lead ngeminyaka yoo-1960, eyayisebenzisa ukupholisa kwe-impingement kunye nokufunxwa komphunga ukuvelisa izinki. Iziphumo zizise izibonelelo ezininzi kubavelisi kunye nabathengi, kubandakanya:
I-Zinc ifaniswa nobhedu kuzo zonke iinkalo. Zombini zinomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kwe-abrasion, kwaye zilungele ubunjineli bekhonkrithi, ngelixa i-zinc ithatha inyathelo eliya phambili, ngokukhuseleka kwisifo sobhedu kunye nekhaphukhaphu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa iprofayili enokubonelela iikontraki ngesiphumo esifanayo. ye.
Oku kukwayinxalenye encinci yeendleko zezixhobo zobhedu. I-Zinc isekelwe eUnited States, ichaneke ngakumbi kwaye ayifuni ukugaya kunye nokuchithwa, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.
Oku akugcini nje ukusindisa abasebenzi babo kwimiphunga enothuli nakwezinye iimeko zempilo ezimandundu, kodwa kukwathetha ukuba abavelisi banokuchitha imali encinci ukuvelisa ngaphezulu. Oku kongiwayo kuya kuthi ke kugqithiselwe kwikontraka ukubanceda ukuba bonge iindleko zokuthenga izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ngazo zonke ezi zibonelelo, kusenokuba lixesha lokuba ishishini lishiye ixesha lobhedu lwezixhobo zekhonkrithi kwaye lamkele ikamva le-zinc.
UMegan Rachuy ngumbhali womxholo kunye nomhleli we-MARSHALLTOWN, inkokeli yehlabathi ekwenzeni izixhobo zezandla kunye nezixhobo zokwakha kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Njengombhali ongumhlali, ubhala i-DIY kunye nomxholo onxulumene ne-MARSHALLTOWN DIY Workshop blog.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-06-2021