Cacisa i-ACI entsha ekhazimlisiweyo ye-slab ye-slab.Kodwa okokuqala, kutheni sifuna ingcaciso ethile?
Ii-slabs zekhonkrithi ezipholisiweyo ziya zithandwa ngakumbi, ngoko ke iikontraka kufuneka zibe neendlela zokuzivelisa ngomgangatho ophezulu ohambelanayo.Ngokwedatha evela kuPhando lweGrand View, imigangatho yekhonkrithi epholisiweyo yakuqala ngeminyaka yoo-1990, kodwa ngo-2019, ngokwengeniso, imigangatho yekonkrithi epholisiweyo ibalelwa malunga ne-53.5% yesabelo semarike yomgangatho wekhonkrithi yase-US.Namhlanje, amacwecwe ekhonkrithi akhazimlisiweyo anokufumaneka kwiivenkile ezithengisa ukutya, iiofisi, iivenkile, iibhokisi ezinkulu, kunye namakhaya.Iimpawu ezibonelelwe ngemigangatho yekhonkrithi epholisiweyo ziqhuba ukwanda kokusetyenziswa, njengokuqina okuphezulu, ubomi obude, ukugcinwa okulula, ukuphumelela kweendleko, ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nobuhle.Njengoko kulindelekile, icandelo kulindeleke ukuba linyuke kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Umlinganiselo weglosi (reflectance) we slab yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo ibonisa ubungakanani beglosi umphezulu.Amacwecwe ekhonkrithi akhazimlisiweyo apha abonisa ukukhanya okungaphezulu kweMarike yoMfama weStrouts.Ifoto ngoncedo u-Patrick Harrison uyahlangabezana nale mfuno, kwaye ingcaciso ngoku ekhoyo ngoku yesabhu yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo (ACI 310.1) imisela ubuncinci bemigangatho ekufuneka imigangatho yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo.Ekubeni kukho indlela yokuchaza iindlela ezilindelekileyo kunye neziphumo, kulula ukuhlangabezana nolindelo lomakhi / injineli.Ngamanye amaxesha, iinkqubo ezisisiseko ezifana nokucoca ii-slabs zomgangatho zinokuthetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zabakhi bezakhiwo / iinjineli kunye neekontraki.Ukusebenzisa inkcazo entsha ye-ACI 310.1, imvumelwano inokufikelelwa kwaye ikontraka ngoku inokungqina ukuba umxholo ochazwe kwikhontrakthi udibene.Omabini amaqela ngoku anezikhokelo zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zoshishino.Njengayo yonke imigangatho ye-ACI, iinkcukacha ziya kuhlaziywa kwaye zihlaziywe njengoko zifuneka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ukubonisa iimfuno zeshishini.
Ulwazi kwi-ACI 310.1 entsha lubalula kulula ukuyifumana kuba ilandela ifomathi esemgangathweni yamacandelo amathathu, oko kukuthi Jikelele, iMveliso, kunye nokuSebenza.Kukho iimfuno ezicacileyo zovavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa, ulawulo lomgangatho, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho, ukuvavanywa, ukwamkelwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-slab yekhonkrithi epholisiweyo.Kwinxalenye yokuphunyezwa, ibandakanya iimfuno zokugqiba umphezulu, umbala, ukugawula kunye nokupolisha, kunye nokugcinwa.
Ingcaciso entsha iyaqonda ukuba iprojekthi nganye ineenguqu ezininzi ekufuneka zimiselwe.Uxwebhu loyilo/lobunjineli kufuneka lucacise iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi, ezifana nokuvezwa ngokubanzi kunye nobuhle obulindelweyo.Uluhlu lweemfuno ezisisinyanzelo ezibandakanyiweyo kunye noluhlu lweemfuno ozikhethelayo lukhokelo lwesikhokelo soyilo lwezakhiwo/iinjineli ukuba zilungelelanise iinkcukacha ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi nganye, nokuba kukuchaza iglosi yesibuko sokugqiba ipleyiti ekhazimlisiweyo, ukongeza umbala okanye kufuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Ingcaciso entsha iphakamisa ukufuna imilinganiselo yobuhle kwaye ichaze ukuba idatha kufuneka iqokelelwe njani.Oku kubandakanya ukungafani komfanekiso (i-DOI), okubandakanya ubukhali kunye nobuhle bomphezulu we-slab ngokulandelelana kwamanyathelo okupolisha, ngoko kukho indlela yokulinganisa umgangatho wayo.Iglosi (ireflectance) ngumlinganiselo obonisa indlela obengezela ngayo umphezulu.Umlinganiselo unika inkcazo enenjongo ngakumbi yobuhle bomphezulu.I-Haze iphinda ichazwe kuxwebhu, oluhlala lubonisa ukuba iimveliso ezingaphelelanga zibandakanyiwe ukudala ubuhle.
Okwangoku, iimvavanyo kwii-slabs zekhonkrithi ezikhazimlisiweyo azihambelani.Iikontraka ezininzi azizange ziqokelele ufundo olwaneleyo kwaye zicinge ukuba zifezekise inqanaba elithile elinokulinganiswa lomsebenzi ngokwemigaqo yobuhle.Iikontraka zihlala zivavanya kuphela indawo encinci yemodeli kwaye zicinge ukuba zisebenzisa izixhobo kunye nobuchule obufanayo ukuvelisa iziphumo zokupholisha ngaphandle kokuvavanya ibhodi yokugqibela.Inkcazo esanda kukhutshwa ye-ACI 310.1 ibonelela ngesakhelo sovavanyo olungaguqukiyo yonke imini kunye nendlela yokuxela iziphumo.Uvavanyo olungaguqukiyo lomsebenzi lukwabonelela iikontraka ngembali enokulinganiswa yeziphumo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiibhidi zexesha elizayo.
Inkcazo entsha ye-slab yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo (ACI 310.1) ibonelela ngomgangatho ophantsi osebenzayo nakuwuphi na ukugqiba kwe-slab yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo.ICabela's yenye yeendawo ezithengisayo ezaziwa ngokusebenzisa amacwecwe ekhonkrithi akhazimlisiweyo.Ngoncedo lukaPatrick Harrison.Inkcazo entsha ye-ACI 310.1 ikwamisela iimvavanyo ekufuneka zenziwe kunye nendawo yovavanyo ngalunye.
Olu xwebhu lusanda kufumaneka luchaza ixesha lokwenziwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zovavanyo.Ngokomzekelo, ubuncinane kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba umnini abe nayo, uvavanyo kufuneka lubandakanye iglosi ye-specular ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM D523, ukucaca komfanekiso (DOI) ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM 5767, kunye nenkungu ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM D4039.Inkcazo entsha ye-ACI 310.1 iphinda ichaze indawo yokuvavanya uhlobo ngalunye lovavanyo, kodwa umyili werekhodi kufuneka aqinisekise ubuncinane beemfuno ze-DOI, iglosi kunye nenkungu.Ngokubonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nokuba zeziphi iimvavanyo kwaye nini, uxwebhu lubonelela ngemephu yendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-slab ihlangabezana neemfuno ezichazwe kwikhontrakthi.
Ukuvavanya kunye nokunxibelelana kwengxelo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela-abanini, abakhi bezakhiwo / iinjineli, kunye neekontraki-bayazi ukuba i-slab ihlangabezana nomgangatho ovunyelweneyo.Le yimeko yokuphumelela: ukuqinisekisa ukuba umnini ubonelela ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ikontraki inamanani anokulinganiswa ukubonisa impumelelo.
I-ACI 310.1 ngoku iyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-ACI, kwaye yayiyilwe ngomzamo odibeneyo phakathi kwe-ACI kunye ne-American Association of Concrete Contractors (ASCC).Ukunceda iikontraka zihambelane nemigangatho emincinci echazwe, i-ASCC ngoku iphuhlisa izikhokelo zeekontraka ezibonisa imigangatho kule khowudi.Ukulandela ifomathi yenkcazo entsha ye-ACI 310.1, isikhokelo siya kunika izimvo kunye neenkcazo kuyo nayiphi na indawo apho ikontraki inokufuna isikhokelo esongezelelweyo.Isikhokelo se-ASCC se-ACI 310.1 kulindeleke ukuba sikhutshwe phakathi ku-2021.
Inkcazo yokuqala ye-slab epholisiweyo yekhonkrithi evela kwi-American Concrete Institute (ACI) ngoku iyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-ACI.Inkcazo entsha ye-slab yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo (ACI 310.1) ephuhliswe yiKomiti eHlangeneyo ye-ACI-ASCC 310 luphawu lwereferensi eyilelwe ukubonelela ngomgangatho ophantsi wokuba abakhi bezakhiwo okanye iinjineli banokufaka kuyo nayiphi na i-slab yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo.Ukucaciswa kwe-ACI 310.1 kusebenza kwi-slabs yomgangatho ophantsi kunye ne-slabs yomgangatho omisiweyo.Xa icatshulwe kumaxwebhu ekhontrakthi, ibonelela ngomgangatho ogqityiweyo webhodi ekuvunyelwene ngawo phakathi konokontraka kunye nomakhi okanye injineli.
Abayili bezakhiwo/iinjineli ngoku bangabhekisa kwinkcazo entsha ye-ACI 310.1 kumaxwebhu ekhontrakthi kwaye babonise ukuba imigangatho yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo kufuneka ihambelane nengcaciso, okanye bangacacisa iimfuno ezingqongqo.Yiyo loo nto olu xwebhu lubizwa ngokuba luphawu lwereferensi kuba lubonelela ngeyona ndawo isezantsi yokuqalisa amacwecwe ekhonkrithi akhazimlisiweyo.Xa kucatshulwe, le nkcazelo intsha ithathwa njengenxalenye yoxwebhu lwekhontrakthi phakathi komnini kunye nonokontraka, kwaye kubalulekile kwikontraka nganye epholishayo ukuba iyifunde yonke inkcazo ukuze iyiqonde.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2021