Ngamanye amaxesha iintanda kufuneka zilungiswe, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha, singayenza njani kwaye sikhethe eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulungisa?Oku akunzima njengoko ucinga.
Emva kokuphanda iintanda kunye nokumisela iinjongo zokulungisa, ukuyila okanye ukukhetha ezona zinto zilungileyo zokulungisa kunye neenkqubo kulula kakhulu.Esi sishwankathelo sokhetho lokulungiswa kwe-crack lubandakanya ezi nkqubo zilandelayo: ukucoca kunye nokuzaliswa, ukuthulula kunye nokutywinwa / ukuzaliswa, i-epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane injection, ukuziphilisa, kunye "nokulungiswa".
Njengoko kuchazwe kwi "Icandelo 1: Indlela yokuvavanya kunye nokujongana neengxaki zokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi", ukuphanda iintanda kunye nokugqiba ingcambu yesizathu sokuqhekeka kuyisitshixo ekukhetheni isicwangciso esilungileyo sokulungiswa kokuqhekeka.Ngamafutshane, izinto eziphambili ezifunekayo ukuyila ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kokuqhekeka yi-avareji yobubanzi be-crack (kubandakanywa ubuncinane kunye nobubanzi obukhulu) kunye nokuzimisela ukuba i-crack iyasebenza okanye iphelile.Kakade ke, usukelo lokulungiswa kweecrack lubaluleke njengokulinganisa ububanzi bokuqhekeka nokumisela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunyakaza kweentanda kwixesha elizayo.
Iintanda ezisebenzayo ziyashukuma kwaye zikhula.Imizekelo ibandakanya ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukuthotywa komhlaba okuqhubekayo okanye ukuqhekeka okuyi-shrinkage / ukwandiswa kwamalungu amalungu ekhonkrithi okanye izakhiwo.Iintanda ezileleyo zizinzile kwaye akulindelekanga ukuba zitshintshe kwixesha elizayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqhekeka okubangelwa yi-shrinkage yekhonkrithi kuya kusebenza kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa njengoko umswakama wekhonkrithi uzinzile, ekugqibeleni uya kuzinza kwaye ungene kwindawo yokulala.Ukongezelela, ukuba imivalo yentsimbi eyaneleyo (i-rebars, iifayili zetsimbi, okanye i-macroscopic fibers synthetic fibers) idlula kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo, ukunyakaza kwexesha elizayo kuya kulawulwa kwaye ukuqhekeka kunokubhekwa njengento eleleyo.
Kwiintanda ezileleyo, sebenzisa izinto eziqinileyo okanye eziguquguqukayo zokulungisa.Ukuqhekeka okusebenzayo kufuna izinto zokulungisa eziguquguqukayo kunye neengqwalasela ezikhethekileyo zokuyila ukuvumela ukuhamba kwexesha elizayo.Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqinileyo zokulungisa iziqhekeza ezisebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukuchithwa kwezinto zokulungisa kunye / okanye ikhonkrithi ekufutshane.
Ifoto 1. Ukusebenzisa iingxube zeenaliti zeenaliti (iNombolo ye-14, i-15 kunye ne-18), izinto zokulungisa i-viscosity ephantsi zinokuthi zifakwe ngokulula kwiintambo zeenwele ngaphandle kwe-wiring Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa imbangela yokuqhekeka kwaye unqume ukuba ukukhwabanisa kubaluleke kakhulu kwisakhiwo.Iintanda ezibonisa ukuyila okunokwenzeka, iinkcukacha, okanye iimpazamo zokwakha zinokubangela ukuba abantu bakhathazeke malunga nomthamo wokuthwala kunye nokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.Olu hlobo lweentanda lunokubaluleka ngokwesakhiwo.Ukuqhekeka kunokubangelwa ngumthwalo, okanye kunokunxulumana notshintsho lwendalo lwekhonkrithi, njengokuncipha okomileyo, ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuncipha, kwaye kunokuba okanye kungabi nanto ibalulekileyo.Ngaphambi kokukhetha ukhetho lokulungisa, qaphela isizathu kwaye uqwalasele ukubaluleka kokuqhekeka.
Ukulungisa iintanda ezibangelwa kuyilo, uyilo lweenkcukacha, kunye neempazamo zokwakha kungaphaya kobubanzi benqaku elilula.Le meko idla ngokufuna uhlalutyo olubanzi lwesakhiwo kwaye inokufuna ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo okuqiniswayo.
Ukubuyisela ukuzinza kwesakhiwo okanye ukunyaniseka kwamacandelo ekhonkrithi, ukuthintela ukuvuza okanye ukutywinwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi (ezifana neekhemikhali ze-deicing), ukubonelela ngenkxaso ye-crack edge, kunye nokuphucula ukubonakala kweentanda ziinjongo eziqhelekileyo zokulungiswa.Ukuthathela ingqalelo ezi njongo, ulondolozo lunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:
Ngokuthandwa kwekhonkrithi eveziweyo kunye nekhonkrithi yokwakha, imfuno yokulungiswa kwee-cosmetic cracks iyanda.Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa kwengqibelelo kunye nokutywinwa kwe-crack / ukuzaliswa kufuna ukulungiswa kwembonakalo.Ngaphambi kokukhetha iteknoloji yokulungisa, kufuneka sicacise injongo yokulungiswa kwe-crack.
Ngaphambi kokuyila ukulungiswa kweentanda okanye ukukhetha inkqubo yokulungisa, imibuzo emine ephambili kufuneka iphendulwe.Nje ukuba uphendule le mibuzo, unokukhetha ngokulula ukhetho lokulungisa.
Ifoto 2. Ukusebenzisa i-scotch tape, imingxuma yokubhoboza, kunye ne-rubber-head mixing tube exhunywe kwi-handheld dual-barrel gun, izinto zokulungisa zingafakwa kwiintambo zomgca phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi.Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Ubuchwephesha obulula buye buthandwa, ngokukodwa ukulungiswa kohlobo lwesakhiwo, kuba izinto zokulungisa ezine-viscosity ephantsi kakhulu zikhoyo ngoku.Kuba ezi mathiriyeli zokulungisa zinokungena ngokulula kwiintanda ezimxinwa kakhulu ngenxa yomxhuzulane, akukho mfuneko yokufaka iingcingo (okt fakela isikwere okanye idama lokutywina elimilise ngo-V).Ekubeni i-wiring ayifuni, ububanzi bokugqibela bokulungisa bufana nobubanzi be-crack, obungabonakali kakhulu kuneentambo zocingo.Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kweebrashi zocingo kunye nokucoca i-vacuum ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunoqoqosho ngaphezu kwe-wiring.
Okokuqala, coca iintanda ukuze ususe ukungcola kunye ne-debris, uze ugcwalise nge-low-viscosity material yokulungisa.Umenzi uphuhlise i-nozzle encinci yokuxuba ububanzi obudityaniswe kwi-handheld dual-barrel spray gun ukufaka izinto zokulungisa (ifoto 1).Ukuba incam yombhobho inkulu kunobubanzi bokuqhekeka, ezinye iindlela zokuqhekeka zingafuneka ukwenza ifaneli yomphandle ukukhawulelana nobukhulu bencam yomlomo.Jonga i-viscosity kumaxwebhu omenzi;abanye abavelisi bachaza ubuncinci ububanzi bokuqhekeka kwezinto.Ukulinganisa kwi-centipoise, njengoko ixabiso le-viscosity liyancipha, izinto eziphathekayo ziba zincinci okanye zilula ukugeleza kwiintanda ezincinci.Inkqubo ye-injection elula yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ingasetyenziselwa ukufakela izinto zokulungisa (jonga uMzobo 2).
Ifoto 3. Iingcingo kunye nokutywinwa kubandakanya kuqala ukusika isitya se-sealant kunye nesikwere okanye i-V-shaped blade, uze uyigcwalise nge-sealant efanelekileyo okanye i-filler.Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo, i-crack yomzila izaliswe nge-polyurethane, kwaye emva kokunyanga, ihlanjululwe kwaye ihlanjululwe phezulu.UKim Basham
Le yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo yokulungisa iintanda ezizimeleyo, ezintle kunye nezinkulu (ifoto 3).Kukulungiswa okungekho sakhiwo esibandakanya ukwandiswa kwee-cracks (i-wiring) kunye nokuzalisa ngama-sealants afanelekileyo okanye iifayili.Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nokuma kwendawo yokugcina i-sealant kunye nohlobo lwe-sealant okanye i-filler esetyenzisiweyo, i-wiring kunye nokutywinwa kunokulungisa iintanda ezisebenzayo kunye neentanda ezileleyo.Le ndlela ifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezithe tye, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa iindawo ezithe nkqo kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa ezingagungqiyo.
Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa ziquka i-epoxy, i-polyurethane, i-silicone, i-polyurea, kunye ne-polymer mortar.Kwi-slab yomgangatho, umyili kufuneka akhethe izinto ezinokuguquguquka okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqina okanye iimpawu zokuqina ukuze zivumelane ne-traffic yomgangatho olindelekileyo kunye nentshukumo yokuqhekeka kwexesha elizayo.Njengoko ukuguquguquka kwe-sealant kunyuka, ukunyamezela ukusabalalisa kunye nokunyakaza kwanda, kodwa umthamo wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkxaso ye-crack edge iya kuncipha.Njengoko ubunzima bukhula, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nenkxaso ye-crack edge yonyuka, kodwa ukunyamezela kwentshukumo ye-crack kunciphisa.
Umzobo 1. Njengoko ixabiso lobunzima be-Shore lezinto landa, ukuqina okanye ukuqina kwezinto kukhula kwaye ukuguquguquka kuyancipha.Ukuze kuthintelwe imiphetho yeentanda ezivezwe kwisithuthi esinamavili aqinile ukuba singavuthuluki, kufuneka ukuqina koLwandle olumalunga nama-80 ubuncinane.UKim Basham ukhetha izinto ezilukhuni zokulungisa (izigcwalisi) kwiindawo ezilalayo kwimigangatho yezithuthi ezinamavili anzima, kuba imida yokuqhekeka ingcono njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Ukuqhekeka okusebenzayo, izitywina eziguquguqukayo zikhethwayo, kodwa umthamo wokuthwala i-sealant kunye inkxaso ye-crack edge iphantsi.Ixabiso lobunzima be-Shore lihambelana nobunzima (okanye ukuguquguquka) kwezinto zokulungisa.Njengoko ixabiso lobunzima be-Shore lisanda, ukuqina (ukuqina) kwezinto zokulungisa kuyanda kwaye ukuguquguquka kuyancipha.
Ukuqhekeka okusebenzayo, ubungakanani kunye nemiba yokuma kwendawo yokugcina i-sealant ibaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukhetha i-sealant efanelekileyo enokuthi ihambelane nentshukumo elindelekileyo yokuphuka kwixesha elizayo.Ifom yefom yi-spect ratio ye-sealant reservoir.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwii-flexible sealants, iifom ezicetyiswayo zefom yi-1: 2 (0.5) kunye ne-1: 1 (1.0) (jonga umfanekiso 2).Ukunciphisa ifom yefom (ngokwandisa ububanzi ngokumalunga nobunzulu) kuya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-sealant olubangelwa ukukhula kobubanzi bokuqhekeka.Ukuba olona xinzelelo luphezulu lwe-sealant luyehla, isixa sokukhula kwe-crack esinokumelana ne-sealant siyenyuka.Ukusebenzisa ifom yefom ecetyisiweyo ngumenzi uya kuqinisekisa ukunyuswa okuphezulu kwe-sealant ngaphandle kokusilela.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, faka iinduku zokuxhasa i-foam ukunciphisa ubunzulu be-sealant kwaye uncede wenze i-"hourglass" imilo emide.
Ubude obuvumelekileyo be-sealant buyancipha ngokunyuka kwemeko yokuma.Kwii-intshi ezi-6.Ipleyiti etyebileyo enobunzulu obuyi 0.020 intshi.Ubume bemilo yedama eliqhekekileyo ngaphandle kwe-sealant yi-300 (6.0 intshi / 0.020 intshi = 300).Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni iintanda ezisebenzayo ezitywinwe nge-flexible sealant ngaphandle kwetanki ye-sealant zihlala zisilela.Ukuba akukho vimba, ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukwanda kokuqhekeka kwenzeka, uxinzelelo luya kudlula ngokukhawuleza umthamo we-tensile we-sealant.Ukuqhekeka okusebenzayo, sebenzisa rhoqo i-reservoir sealant kunye nefom yefom ekhuthazwa ngumenzi we-sealant.
Umzobo 2. Ukwandisa ububanzi ukuya kubunzulu bomlinganiselo kuya kwandisa amandla e-sealant ukumelana namaxesha okuqhekeka kwexesha elizayo.Sebenzisa ifom ye-1: 2 (0.5) ukuya ku-1: 1 (1.0) okanye njengoko kucetyiswa ngumvelisi we-sealant kwiintanda ezisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinokwelula ngokufanelekileyo njengoko ububanzi bokuqhekeka bukhula kwixesha elizayo.UKim Basham
Iibhondi zenaliti ye-epoxy resin okanye i-welds iintanda ezimxinwa njenge-intshi ye-0.002 kunye kunye nokubuyisela ukunyaniseka kwekhonkrithi, kuquka amandla kunye nokuqina.Le ndlela ibandakanya ukufaka umnqwazi womphezulu we-epoxy resin engagxuphulekiyo ukucutha iintanda, ukufakela izibuko zokutofa kumngxuma wokutsala amanzi ngamaxesha akufutshane ecaleni kweentanda ezithe tye, ezithe nkqo okanye ezingaphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo lokutofa iresin epoxy (ifoto 4).
Amandla e-tensile ye-epoxy resin idlula i-5,000 psi.Ngesi sizathu, inaliti ye-epoxy resin ithathwa njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo.Nangona kunjalo, inaliti ye-epoxy resin ayiyi kubuyisela amandla oyilo, kwaye ayiyi kuqinisa ikhonkrithi eyaphukileyo ngenxa yoyilo okanye iimpazamo zokwakha.I-epoxy resin ayifane isetyenziswe ukufaka iintanda ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nomthamo wokuthwala kunye nemiba yokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Ifoto 4. Ngaphambi kokutofa i-epoxy resin, indawo yokuqhekeka kufuneka igqunywe nge-non-sagging epoxy resin ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-epoxy resin.Emva kwesitofu, i-epoxy cap isuswa ngokusila.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukususa isigqubuthelo kuya kushiya amanqaku abrasion kwikhonkrithi.UKim Basham
Inaliti ye-epoxy resin yinto eqinile, ukulungiswa okupheleleyo, kwaye iintanda ezitofelweyo zomelele kunekhonkrithi ekufutshane.Ukuba iintanda ezisebenzayo okanye ezisebenza njenge-shrinkage okanye i-expansion joints zijojowe, ezinye iintanda zilindeleke ukuba zenze ecaleni okanye kude neengqungquthela ezilungisiweyo.I-injection i-dormant cracks kuphela okanye i-cracks enenani elaneleyo leentsimbi zetsimbi ezidlula kwiindawo eziqhekezayo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwexesha elizayo.Itheyibhile elandelayo ishwankathela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha zolu khetho lokulungisa kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungisa.
Intlaka yepolyurethane ingasetyenziselwa ukuvala iintanda ezimanzi nezivuzayo zibe mxinwa njenge-intshi ze-0.002.Olu khetho lokulungiswa lusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, kubandakanywa nokutofa i-resin esebenzayo kwi-crack, edibanisa namanzi ukwenza i-gel yokuvuvukala, ukuxhuma ukuvuza kunye nokutywinwa kwe-crack (ifoto 5).Ezi resin ziya kugxotha amanzi kwaye zingene kwi-tight micro-cracks kunye neepores zekhonkrithi ukwenza ibhondi eyomeleleyo kunye nekhonkrithi emanzi.Ukongeza, i-polyurethane enyangisiweyo iyaguquguquka kwaye inokumelana nentshukumo yokuqhekeka kwexesha elizayo.Olu khetho lokulungisa luyilungiso olusisigxina, olufanelekileyo kwiingqungquthela ezisebenzayo okanye ezileleyo.
Ifoto 5. Isitofu se-polyurethane ibandakanya ukubhola, ukufakwa kwee-injection port kunye ne-injection yoxinzelelo lwe-resin.I-resin iphendula kunye nokufuma kwikhonkrithi ukwenza i-foam ezinzileyo kunye ne-flexible, ukuvala iintanda, kunye neentanda ezivuzayo.UKim Basham
Kwiintanda ezinobubanzi obukhulu phakathi kwe-intshi ye-0.004 kunye ne-0.008 intshi, le yinkqubo yendalo yokulungiswa kwe-crack phambi komswakama.Inkqubo yokuphulukisa ibangelwa ukuba iinqununu ze-samente ezingenamanzi zibonakaliswe kumswakama kwaye zenze i-insoluble calcium hydroxide leaching ukusuka kwi-cement slurry ukuya phezulu kwaye iphendule nge-carbon dioxide emoyeni ojikelezayo ukuvelisa i-calcium carbonate phezu kwendawo yokuqhekeka.0.004 intshi.Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, i-crack ebanzi inokuphilisa, i-0.008 intshi.Iintanda zinokuphola kwiiveki ezimbalwa.Ukuba i-crack ichaphazeleka ngamanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyakaza, ukuphilisa akuyi kwenzeka.
Ngamanye amaxesha "akukho kulungiswa" yindlela efanelekileyo yokulungisa.Ayizizo zonke iintanda ezifuna ukulungiswa, kwaye ukujonga iintanda kunokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iintanda zinokulungiswa kamva.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-03-2021