I-OSHA iyalela abasebenzi bolondolozo ukuba batshixe, bafake ithegi, balawule amandla ayingozi.Abanye abantu abazi ukuba bathathe njani eli nyathelo, wonke umatshini wahlukile.Getty Imifanekiso
Phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwezixhobo zemizi-mveliso, ukuvala i-tagout (LOTO) akukho nto intsha.Ngaphandle kokuba umbane ucinyiwe, akukho mntu unobuganga bokwenza naluphi na uhlobo logcino lwesiqhelo okanye ukuzama ukulungisa umatshini okanye inkqubo.Oku yimfuneko nje yengqiqo kunye noKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA).
Ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa okanye ukulungiswa, kulula ukukhupha umatshini kumthombo wayo wamandla-ngokuqhelekileyo ngokucima i-breaker circuit-kunye nokutshixa umnyango wepaneli yesiphaluka.Ukongeza ileyibhile echaza amagama amagcisa olondolozo nako kuyinto elula.
Ukuba amandla akakwazi ukutshixwa, ileyibhile kuphela enokusetyenziswa.Kuzo zombini ezi meko, nokuba kutshixiwe okanye akukho, ileyibhile ibonisa ukuba ulungiso luyaqhubeka kwaye isixhobo asikho mbane.
Nangona kunjalo, oku ayisosiphelo selotho.Injongo iyonke ayikokuqhawula nje umthombo wamandla.Injongo kukusebenzisa okanye ukukhulula onke amandla anobungozi-ukusebenzisa amagama e-OSHA, ukulawula amandla ayingozi.
Isarha eqhelekileyo ibonisa iingozi ezimbini zokwexeshana.Emva kokuba i-saw ivaliwe, i-saw blade iya kuqhubeka iqhuba imizuzwana embalwa, kwaye iya kumisa kuphela xa umfutho ogcinwe kwi-motor uphelile.I-blade iya kuhlala ishushu imizuzu embalwa de ubushushu buphele.
Kanye njengokuba iisarha zigcina oomatshini kunye namandla ashushu, umsebenzi wokuqhuba oomatshini bemizi-mveliso (umbane, ihydraulic, kunye ne-pneumatic) unokugcina amandla ixesha elide. wesekethe, amandla anokugcinwa ixesha elide elimangalisayo.
Oomatshini abahlukeneyo bemizi-mveliso kufuneka basebenzise amandla amaninzi.Intsimbi eqhelekileyo i-AISI 1010 inokumelana namandla okugoba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45,000 ye-PSI, ngoko ke oomatshini abafana neziqhoboshi zokucinezela, iipuntshi, iipuntshi, kunye nee-benders zemibhobho kufuneka bathumele amandla kwiiyunithi zeetoni.Ukuba isekethe enika amandla inkqubo yempompo ye-hydraulic ivaliwe kwaye inqanyuliwe, inxalenye ye-hydraulic yenkqubo isenokukwazi ukubonelela nge-45,000 PSI.Koomatshini abasebenzisa imingundo okanye iincakuba, oku kwanele ukutyumza okanye ukuqhawula amalungu omzimba.
Ilori yebhakethi evaliweyo ene-emele emoyeni iyingozi kanye njengelori yebhakethi engavalwanga.Vula ivalve engalunganga kwaye ubunzima buzakuthatha indawo.Ngokufanayo, inkqubo ye-pneumatic inokugcina amandla amaninzi xa icinyiwe.I-bender yombhobho yobungakanani obuphakathi inokufunxa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 amperes yangoku.Ngaphantsi kwe-0.040 amps, intliziyo inokuyeka ukubetha.
Ukukhulula ngokukhuselekileyo okanye ukunciphisa amandla kuyinyathelo eliphambili emva kokucima amandla kunye neLOTO.Ukukhutshwa okukhuselekileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla anobungozi kufuna ukuqonda imigaqo yenkqubo kunye neenkcukacha zomshini omele ugcinwe okanye ulungiswe.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenkqubo zoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic: i-loop evulekile kunye ne-loop evaliweyo.Kwimeko yeshishini, iintlobo zempompo eziqhelekileyo ziigiya, i-vanes, kunye neepiston.I-cylinder yesixhobo esisebenzayo sinokuba yinto enye okanye iphindwe kabini.Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zinokuba naziphi na iintlobo ezintathu zevalve-indlela yokulawula, ulawulo lokuhamba, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo-nganye kwezi ntlobo zineentlobo ezininzi.Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo uhlobo lwecandelo ngalinye ukuphelisa iingozi ezinxulumene namandla.
UJay Robinson, umnini kunye nomongameli weRbSA Industrial, uthe: "Isixhobo sokwenza amanzi amdaka sinokuqhutywa sisivalo esivalayo esigcweleyo."“Ivalve yesolenoid ivula ivalve.Xa inkqubo isebenza, i-hydraulic fluid igeleza kwisixhobo ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye netanki ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi, "utshilo.."Ukuba inkqubo ivelisa i-2,000 PSI kwaye umbane ucinyiwe, i-solenoid iya kwindawo ephakathi kwaye ivimbele onke amachweba.Ioyile ayinakuhamba kwaye umatshini uyayeka, kodwa inkqubo inokuba ne-PSI efikelela kwi-1,000 kwicala ngalinye levalvu.
Kwezinye iimeko, amagcisa azama ukwenza ugcino lwesiqhelo okanye ukulungisa asengozini ethe ngqo.
"Ezinye iinkampani zineenkqubo ezibhaliweyo eziqhelekileyo," utshilo uRobinson.Uninzi lwabo luthe igcisa kufuneka liqhawule umbane, liwutshixe, liwuphawule, emva koko ucofe iqhosha elithi QALA ukuqalisa umatshini.Kule meko, umatshini awunakwenza nantoni na-awukwazi Ukulayisha i-workpiece, ukugoba, ukusika, ukubumba, ukukhulula i-workpiece okanye nantoni na enye-kuba ayikwazi.Ivalve ye-hydraulic iqhutywa yi-solenoid valve, efuna umbane.Ukucofa iqhosha lokuQALA okanye ukusebenzisa iphaneli yokulawula ukwenza nayiphi na inkalo ye-hydraulic system ayiyi kusebenzisa i-valve ye-solenoid engenamandla.
Okwesibini, ukuba uchwepheshe uyaqonda ukuba kufuneka asebenzise i-valve ngesandla ukuze akhulule uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, unokukhulula uxinzelelo kwelinye icala lenkqubo kwaye acinge ukuba ukhulule onke amandla.Ngapha koko, ezinye iindawo zenkqubo zisenokumelana noxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 PSI.Ukuba olu xinzelelo lubonakala kwisiphelo sesixhobo senkqubo, amagcisa aya kumangaliswa ukuba ayaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yokulondoloza kwaye angenzakala.
Ioli ye-Hydraulic ayicinezeli kakhulu-kuphela malunga ne-0.5% nge-1,000 PSI-kodwa kule meko, ayinandaba.
"Ukuba uchwepheshe ukhulula amandla kwicala le-actuator, inkqubo inokuhambisa isixhobo kulo lonke ukubetha," kusho uRobinson."Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, i-stroke ingaba yi-1/16 intshi okanye i-16 yeenyawo."
"Inkqubo ye-hydraulic yi-force multiplier, ngoko ke inkqubo evelisa i-1,000 PSI inokuphakamisa imithwalo enzima, efana neepounds ze-3,000," kusho uRobinson.Kule meko, ingozi ayiqali ngengozi.Umngcipheko kukukhulula uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo ngengozi.Ukufumana indlela yokunciphisa umthwalo ngaphambi kokujongana nenkqubo kunokuvakala ingqiqo, kodwa iirekhodi zokufa ze-OSHA zibonisa ukuba ingqiqo ayisoloko iphumelela kwezi meko.Kwisiganeko se-OSHA 142877.015, “Umqeshwa utshintsha…I-boom yehla ngokukhawuleza kwaye yabetha umsebenzi, yamtyumza iNtloko, i-torso kunye neengalo.Umqeshwa wabulawa. "
Ukongeza kwiitanki zeoyile, iimpompo, iivalvu kunye ne-actuator, ezinye izixhobo ze-hydraulic nazo zine-accumulator.Njengoko igama libonisa, iqokelela ioli ye-hydraulic.Umsebenzi wayo kukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo okanye umthamo wenkqubo.
"I-accumulator iqulethe izinto ezimbini eziphambili: isikhwama somoya ngaphakathi kwetanki," kusho uRobinson.“I-airbag izaliswe yinitrogen.Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ioyile yehydraulic ingena kwaye iphume kwitanki njengoko uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lukhula kwaye luncipha. ”Ingaba ulwelo luyangena okanye luphuma kwitanki, okanye lugqithise, luxhomekeke kumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nengxowa yomoya.
"Ezi ntlobo zimbini ziyimpembelelo ye-accumulators kunye ne-accumulators yevolumu," kusho uJack Weeks, umsunguli we-Fluid Power Learning."I-accumulator yokothuka ithatha iincopho zoxinzelelo, ngelixa i-accumulator yevolumu ithintela uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ukuba lwehle xa imfuno ngequbuliso idlula umthamo wempompo."
Ukuze usebenze kwinkqubo enjalo ngaphandle kokulimala, uchwepheshe wezolondolozo kufuneka azi ukuba inkqubo ine-accumulator kunye nendlela yokukhulula uxinzelelo lwayo.
Kwii-absorbers ezothusayo, amagcisa olondolozo kufuneka alumke ngakumbi.Ngenxa yokuba ingxowa yomoya ifakwe kuxinzelelo olukhulu kunoxinzelelo lwenkqubo, ukusilela kwevalvu kuthetha ukuba inokongeza uxinzelelo kwinkqubo.Ukongezelela, ngokuqhelekileyo abaxhotyiswanga nge-valve yokukhupha.
"Akukho sisombululo esihle kule ngxaki, kuba i-99% yeenkqubo aziboneleli ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuvala i-valve," kusho iiVeki.Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zolondolozo olusebenzayo zinokubonelela ngamanyathelo okuthintela.“Unokongeza ivalve emva kokuthengisa ukuze ukhuphe ulwelo naphi na apho uxinzelelo lunokuveliswa khona,” utshilo.
Igcisa lenkonzo eliqaphela ii-airbag ze-accumulator ezisezantsi lingafuna ukongeza umoya, kodwa oku akuvumelekanga.Ingxaki kukuba ezi airbags zifakwe ivalve zohlobo lwaseMelika, ziyafana nezo zisetyenziswa kumavili emoto.
"I-accumulator ihlala ine-decal yokulumkisa ngokungeza umoya, kodwa emva kweminyaka emininzi yokusebenza, i-decal idla ngokunyamalala kudala," utshilo u-Wicks.
Omnye umba kukusetyenziswa kweevalvu ezichaseneyo, utshilo uVeki.Kwiivalvu ezininzi, ukujikeleza ngewotshi kwandisa uxinzelelo;kwiivalvu zokulinganisa, imeko ichasene.
Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo eziphathwayo kufuneka zilumke ngakumbi.Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwendawo kunye nemiqobo, abaqulunqi kufuneka babe nobuchule kwindlela yokucwangcisa inkqubo kunye nendawo yokubeka amacandelo.Amanye amacandelo asenokufihlwa ukuba angabonakali kwaye angafikeleleki, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ugcino lwesiqhelo kunye nolungiso lube ngumngeni ngakumbi kunezixhobo ezimiselweyo.
Iinkqubo ze-pneumatic phantse zonke iingozi ezinokubakho kwiinkqubo zamanzi.Umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba inkqubo ye-hydraulic inokuvelisa ukuvuza, ukuvelisa ijethi yolwelo kunye noxinzelelo olwaneleyo kwi-intshi yesikwere ukungena kwiingubo kunye nesikhumba.Kwindawo yoshishino, "impahla" ibandakanya iibhuthi zomsebenzi.Ukulimala kweoli ye-Hydraulic kufuna unyango kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
Iinkqubo zomoya zikwayingozi ngokwendalo.Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba, “Ngumoya nje” kwaye bajongane nawo ngokungakhathali.
"Abantu bava iimpompo zenkqubo ye-pneumatic esebenzayo, kodwa abacingi ukuba onke amandla epompo angena kwinkqubo," kusho iiVeki.“Onke amandla kufuneka ahambe ndaweni ithile, kwaye inkqubo yamandla elwelo yinto ephindaphinda amandla.Kwi-50 PSI, isilinda esinomphezulu we-intshi ze-intshi ezili-10 inokuvelisa amandla okwaneleyo ukuhambisa iiponti ezingama-500.Layisha.Njengoko sonke sisazi, abasebenzi basebenzisa le nkqubo ivuthela inkunkuma kwiimpahla.
"Kwiinkampani ezininzi, esi sisizathu sokupheliswa kwangoko," utshilo uVeki.Wathi ijethi yomoya ephuma kwi-pneumatic system inokuxobula ulusu nezinye izicwili emathanjeni.
"Ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwi-pneumatic system, nokuba idibene okanye i-pinhole kwi-hose, akukho mntu uya kuqaphela," watsho."Umatshini ukhwaza kakhulu, abasebenzi bakhuselekile ekuveni, kwaye akukho mntu uvayo ukuvuza."Ukuchola nje umbhobho kuyingozi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkqubo iyasebenza okanye cha, iiglavu zesikhumba ziyafuneka ukuphatha i-hoses ye-pneumatic.
Enye ingxaki kukuba ngenxa yokuba umoya ucinezeleka kakhulu, ukuba uvula i-valve kwinkqubo ephilayo, inkqubo ye-pneumatic evaliweyo inokugcina amandla okwaneleyo ukuba iqhube ixesha elide kwaye iqalise isixhobo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Nangona umbane wombane-ukuhamba kwee-electron njengoko zihamba kwi-conductor-kubonakala ngathi ihlabathi lihluke kwi-physics, akunjalo.Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton wokushukuma uyasebenza: “Into emileyo ihlala ime, yaye into eshukumayo iqhubeka ishukuma ngesantya esifanayo nakweli cala lifanayo, ngaphandle kokuba iphantsi kwamandla angalungelelananga.”
Kwinqaku lokuqala, yonke isiphaluka, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ilula kangakanani, iya kuxhathisa ukuhamba kwangoku.Ukuchasana kuthintela ukuhamba kwangoku, ngoko xa isiphaluka sivaliwe (i-static), ukuchasana kugcina isiphaluka kwisimo esisisigxina.Xa isiphaluka sivuliwe, i-current ayiqhubeki kwisiphaluka ngokukhawuleza;kuthatha ubuncinci ixesha elifutshane ukuba i-voltage inqobe ukuchasana kunye nokuhamba kwangoku.
Ngesizathu esifanayo, yonke isiphaluka inomlinganiselo othile we-capacitance, efana nesantya sento ehambayo.Ukuvala iswitshi akuyeki kwangoko umsinga;umsinga uqhubeka uhamba, ubuncinane ngokufutshane.
Ezinye iisekethe zisebenzisa ii-capacitors ukugcina umbane;lo msebenzi uyafana nalowo we-accumulator ye-hydraulic.Ngokwexabiso elilinganisiweyo le-capacitor, inokugcina amandla ombane ixesha elide eliyingozi yombane.Kwiisekethe ezisetyenziswa kumatshini woshishino, ixesha lokukhutshwa kwemizuzu engama-20 alinakwenzeka, kwaye abanye banokufuna ixesha elingakumbi.
Kwi-bender yombhobho, uRobinson uqikelela ukuba ubude bemizuzu eyi-15 bunokwanela ukuba amandla agcinwe kwisistim achithe.Emva koko yenza isheke esilula nge voltmeter.
"Kukho izinto ezimbini malunga nokudibanisa i-voltmeter," kusho uRobinson.“Okokuqala, ivumela igcisa lazi ukuba inkqubo inamandla aseleyo.Okwesibini, idala indlela yokukhupha.Ngoku kuqukuqela ukusuka kwenye indawo yesekethe ukutyhubela imitha ukuya kwenye, kuphelisa nawaphi na amandla asagcinwe kuyo.”
Kwimeko engcono, amagcisa aqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo, anamava, kwaye anokufikelela kuwo onke amaxwebhu omatshini.Unesitshixo, ithegi, yaye uwuqonda kakuhle umsebenzi owenziwayo.Ngokufanelekileyo, usebenza kunye nababukeli bokhuseleko ukubonelela ngeseti eyongezelelweyo yamehlo ukujonga iingozi kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo lwezonyango xa iingxaki zisenzeka.
Eyona meko imbi kakhulu kukuba amagcisa aswele uqeqesho namava, asebenza kwinkampani yokulungisa yangaphandle, ke ngoko abaqhelananga nezixhobo ezithile, bayitshixa i-ofisi ngeempelaveki okanye ngeeshifti zasebusuku, kwaye iincwadi zezixhobo azisafikeleleki.Le yimeko yesiphango esigqibeleleyo, kwaye yonke inkampani enezixhobo zoshishino kufuneka yenze konke okusemandleni ukuyinqanda.
Iinkampani eziphuhlisayo, ezivelisa, kwaye zithengise izixhobo zokhuseleko zihlala zinobuchule obunzulu bokhuseleko oluthe ngqo kwishishini, ke ngoko uphicotho lokhuseleko lwababoneleli ngezixhobo lunokunceda ukwenza indawo yokusebenza ikhuseleke kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo yokulondolozwa kunye nokulungiswa.
U-Eric Lundin uzibandakanye nesebe lomhleli weThe Tube & Pipe Journal ngo-2000 njengomhleli onxulumeneyo.Uxanduva lwakhe oluphambili lubandakanya ukuhlela amanqaku ezobugcisa kwimveliso ye-tube kunye nokuveliswa, kunye nokubhala izifundo zecala kunye neeprofayili zenkampani.Unyuselwe ukuba ngumhleli ngo-2007.
Ngaphambi kokujoyina iphephancwadi, wasebenza kwi-US Air Force iminyaka emi-5 (1985-1990), kwaye wasebenzela umbhobho, umbhobho, kunye nomenzi we-elbow we-duct iminyaka eyi-6, okokuqala njengommeli wenkonzo yabathengi kwaye kamva njengombhali wezobugcisa ( 1994-2000).
Ufunde kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthern Illinois eDeKalb, e-Illinois, kwaye wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwezoqoqosho ngo-1994.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba liphephancwadi lokuqala elizinikele ekukhonzeni ishishini lombhobho wesinyithi ngo-1990. Namhlanje, isekuphela kopapasho olunikezelwe kushishino eMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngowona mthombo uthembekileyo wolwazi kwiingcali zemibhobho.
Ngoku unokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuguqulelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR kwaye ufikelele ngokulula kwizibonelelo zeshishini ezixabisekileyo.
Izixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino ngoku zinokufikelelwa ngokulula ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwinguqulelo yedijithali yeThe Tube & Pipe Journal.
Yonwabela ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-digital edition ye-STAMPING Journal, ebonelela ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, ezona ndlela zintle kunye neendaba zeshishini lentengiso yesitampu sesinyithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2021