Isizwe samaNavajo asizange sivumele abasebenzi befilimu ukuba bangene kumwonyo obomvu omangalisayo owaziwa ngokuba yi-Death Canyon.Kumhlaba wesizwe kumntla-mpuma weArizona, uyinxalenye yeCheli Canyon National Monument-indawo apho iNavajo ezibiza ngokuba yiDiné ineyona ntsingiselo iphezulu yokomoya nembali.UCoerte Voorhees, umbhali wesikrini kunye nomlawuli wefilimu efotwe apha, uchaze imiwonyo edibeneyo "njengentliziyo yeSizwe samaNavajo."
Ifilimu yi-epic ye-archaeological ebizwa ngokuba yiCanyon Del Muerto, ekulindeleke ukuba ikhutshwe kamva kulo nyaka.Ibalisa ngebali likavulindlela ongumembi wezinto zakudala u-Ann Akstel Mo owayesebenza apha ngeminyaka yee-1920s nasekuqaleni koo-1930 Ibali lokwenyani lika-Ann Axtell Morris.Utshatile no-Earl Morris kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uchazwa njengoyise we-Southwestern Archaeology kwaye uhlala ekhankanywa njengomzekelo we-Indiana Jones, i-Harrison Ford kwi-blockbuster uSteven Spielberg kunye noGeorge Lucas iimuvi Dlala.Ukudunyiswa kuka-Earl Morris, kudityaniswa nokucalucalulwa kwabasetyhini ekuqeqesheni, kudala kwafihla impumelelo yakhe, nangona wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala abembi bezinto zakudala basendle eUnited States.
Ngentsasa eyayiqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo nelanga, xa ilanga laliqalisa ukukhanyisa iindonga ezinde zomwonyo, iqela lamahashe neenqwelo-mafutha ezirhuqa ngamavili amane zaqhuba emazantsi alo mwonyo unesanti.Uninzi lwabasebenzi befilimu be-35 bakhwele i-jeep evulekileyo eqhutywa ngumkhokeli wendawo waseNavajo.Babonisa ubugcisa bamatye kunye neendawo zokuhlala zamatye ezakhiwe yi-Anasazi okanye i-archaeologists ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba ngabantu basePueblo ookhokho.Abantu bamandulo ababehlala apha ngaphambi kwe-BC.Navajo, kwaye wemka kwiimeko ezingaqondakaliyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-14.Ngasemva kwi-convoy, ehlala ixinge esantini kukho iFord T yo-1917 kunye nelori ye-TT ka-1918.
Ngelixa ndilungiselela ikhamera yelensi yokuqala ebanzi kwi-canyon, ndahamba ndaya kumzukulwana ka-Ann Earl oneminyaka engama-58 ubudala uBen Gail, owayengumcebisi omkhulu wokubhalwa kwemveliso.“Le yeyona ndawo ikhethekileyo kuAnn, apho angoyena wonwabileyo kwaye enze owona msebenzi wakhe ubalulekileyo,” watsho uGell.“Wabuyela kumwonyo amaxesha amaninzi wabhala ukuba ayizange ibukeke ifana kabini.Ukukhanya, ixesha lonyaka, kunye nemozulu zihlala zitshintsha.Umama wam wakhawulwa apha ngexesha lokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala, mhlawumbi ngokungalindelekanga, Wakhula waba ngumembi wezinto zakudala.”
Kumboniso othile, sabukela ibhinqa eliselula lihamba kancinci lidlula kwikhamera likhwele ihashe elimhlophe.Wayenxibe ibhatyi yesikhumba emdaka egqunywe ngofele lwegusha kwaye iinwele zakhe zibotshelelwe ngasemva kwiqhina.Umdlali we-actress odlala umakhulu wakhe kule ndawo yi-stunt stand-in Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), ye-Gail, kufana nokubukela ifoto yentsapho endala iphila.“Andimazi uAnn okanye u-Earl, bobabini basweleka ngaphambi kokuba ndizalwe, kodwa ndiye ndabona ukuba ndibathanda kangakanani,” utshilo uGale."Bangabantu abamangalisayo, banentliziyo enobubele."
Okwaphantsi koqwalaselo kunye nokufotwa nguJohn Tsosie waseDiné kufutshane neChinle, eArizona.Ulikhonkco phakathi kwemveliso yefilimu kunye norhulumente wesizwe.Ndambuza ukuba kutheni uDiné evuma ukuba aba benzi befilimu baye eCanyon del Muerto.“Kwixesha elidlulileyo, sisenza iimuvi emhlabeni wethu, saba namava amabi,” utshilo.“Bangenisa amakhulu abantu, bashiya inkunkuma, baphazamisa indawo engcwele, baza benza ngathi yeyabo le ndawo.Lo msebenzi uchasene noko.Bawuhlonipha kakhulu umhlaba wethu nabantu.Baqesha uninzi lwamaNavajo, batyale imali kumashishini asekhaya kwaye bancede uqoqosho lwethu. ”
UGale wongeze wathi, “Kunjalo nakuAnn no-Earl.Babengabembi bezinto zakudala bokuqala ukuqesha amaNavajo ukuba agrumbe, yaye ahlawulwa kakuhle.UEarl uthetha isiNavajo, yaye uAnn uyathetha.Abanye.Kamva, xa uEarle wayekhuthaza ukuba kukhuselwe le miwonyo, wathi abantu baseNavajo ababehlala apha bafanele bavunyelwe ukuba bahlale kuba bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale ndawo.”
Le mpikiswano yaphumelela.Namhlanje, malunga nama-80 eentsapho zeDiné zihlala kwi-Death Canyon kunye neCheri Canyon ngaphakathi kwemida yeSikhumbuzo seSizwe.Abanye babaqhubi kunye nabakhweli ababesebenza kwimuvi bangabezi ntsapho, kwaye bayinzala yabantu uAnn noEarl Morris ababebazi phantse kwiminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo.Kumboniso bhanyabhanya, uAnn kunye nomncedisi ka-Earl weNavajo udlalwa ngumdlali weDiné, ethetha isiNavajo ngemibhalo engezantsi yesiNgesi.UTsosie wathi: “Ngokuqhelekileyo, abenzi beefilimu abakhathali nokuba abadlali bomthonyama baseMerika baphuma kwesiphi isizwe okanye bathetha luphi ulwimi.
Kwifilimu, umcebisi wolwimi lwesiNavajo oneminyaka engama-40 unobude obufutshane kunye nomsila wehashe.USheldon Blackhorse udlale ikliphu yeYouTube kwi-smartphone yakhe-lo ngumboniso bhanyabhanya waseNtshona wowe-1964 "Ixilongo elikude" Umboniso kwi ".Umdlali weqonga ongumNavajo onxibe okweIndiya lasePlains uthetha negosa lomkhosi wamahashe waseMerika eNavajo.Umenzi wefilimu akazange aqonde ukuba umdlali weqonga wayeziqhula kunye nabanye abantu baseNavajo.“Ngokucacileyo akukho nto ninokuyenza kum,” watsho.“Uyinyoka ezirhubuluza phezu kwakho-inyoka.”
KwiCanyon Del Muerto, abadlali beNavajo bathetha inguqulelo yolwimi elungele i-1920s.Uyise kaSheldon, uTaft Blackhorse, wayengumcebisi wolwimi, inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi yezinto zakudala kulo mhla.Wacacisa: “Ukususela oko uAnn Morris weza apha, siye sachanabeka kwinkcubeko yama-Anglo kangangenye inkulungwane yaye ulwimi lwethu luye lwangqala nolungqale njengesiNgesi.Babeya kuthi, “Hamba phezu kweliwa eliphilayo.Ngoku sithi, “Ukuhamba phezu kwelitye.”Lo mboniso bhanyabhanya uza kugcina indlela yakudala yokuthetha ephantse yanyamalala. "
Iqela liye lanyuka i-canyon.Abasebenzi bakhupha iikhamera baza bazifaka kwindawo ephakamileyo, belungiselela ukufika kweModel T. Isibhakabhaka siluhlaza, iindonga ze-canyon zibomvu ocher, kwaye amaqabunga e-poplar akhula eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.I-Voorhees ineminyaka engama-30 ubudala kulo nyaka, ibhityile, inenwele eziphotheneyo ezimdaka ngebala kunye neempawu ezibotshelelweyo, enxibe iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane, isikipa kunye nomnqwazi onomphetho obanzi.Wayemana enyathela ebheka ngapha nangapha elunxwemeni.“Andikholelwa ukuba silapha ngokwenene,” watsho.
Esi sisiphelo seminyaka emininzi yokusebenza nzima ngababhali, abalawuli, abavelisi kunye noosomashishini.Ngoncedo lomntakwabo uJohn kunye nabazali bakhe, uVoorhees waphakamisa izigidi zeedola kwiibhajethi zemveliso ezivela ngaphezu kwe-75 abatyali-mali be-equity ngabanye, bethengisa enye ngexesha.Emva koko kwafika ubhubhani we-Covid-19, owalibazisa yonke iprojekthi kwaye wacela uVoorhees ukuba anyuse i-1 yezigidi zeedola ukuze ahlawule iindleko zezixhobo zokuzikhusela (iimaski, iigloves ezilahlwayo, i-sanitizer yesandla, njl. Kwisicwangciso seentsuku ze-34, bonke abadlali kunye nabasebenzi besethi.
I-Voorhees idibane ngaphezu kwe-30 archaeologists ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye novelwano lwenkcubeko.Wenza iihambo ze-22 zokuhlola ukuya eCanyon de Chelly naseCanyon del Muerto ukufumana eyona ndawo ilungileyo kunye ne-angle yokudubula.Iminyaka eliqela, uye wabamba iintlanganiso kunye neSizwe saseNavajo kunye neNkonzo yePaki yeSizwe, kwaye balawula ngokudibeneyo iCanyon Decelli National Monument.
UVoorhees wakhulela eBoulder, eColorado, kwaye uyise wayeligqwetha.Ngexesha lobuncinci bakhe, ephefumlelwe yimifanekiso bhanyabhanya yase-Indiana Jones, wayefuna ukuba ngumembi wezinto zakudala.Emva koko waba nomdla ekwenzeni ifilimu.Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-12, waqala ukuzithandela kwimyuziyam kwikhampasi yeYunivesithi yaseColorado.Le myuziyam yayiyi-alma mater ka-Earl Morris kwaye yaxhasa ngezimali ezinye zeehambo zakhe zophando.Ifoto kwimyuziyam yabamba ingqalelo yeVoorhees encinci.“Le yifoto emnyama namhlophe ka-Earl Morris eCanyon de Chelly.Kubonakala ngathi i-Indiana Jones kule ndawo imangalisayo.Ndacinga, 'Wowu, ndifuna ukwenza imuvi ngalo mntu.'Ndaze ndafumanisa ukuba wayengumfanekiselo ka-Indiana Jones, okanye mhlawumbi, ndandithabatheke ngokupheleleyo.”
U-Lucas no-Spielberg baye bachaza ukuba indima ye-Indiana Jones isekelwe kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo olubonwa kwii-series zefilimu ze-1930-oko uLucas wabiza ngokuthi "ijoni elinenhlanhla kwijacket yesikhumba kunye nolo hlobo lomnqwazi" -kwaye Akukho nawuphi na umfanekiso wembali.Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iinkcazo, bavuma ukuba ngokuyinxenye baphefumlelwe yimifuziselo emibini yobomi bokwenyani: i-demure, i-champagne esela i-champagne i-archaeologist uSylvanus Morley wongamela iMexico Uphononongo lweqela elikhulu letempile yaseMayan uChichén Itzá, kunye nomlawuli we-Molly wokwemba, u-Earl Morris. , enxibe i-fedora kunye nebhatyi yesikhumba emdaka, idibanise umoya onqabileyo we-adventure kunye nolwazi oluqinileyo Dibanisa.
Umnqweno wokwenza ifilimu malunga no-Earl Morris uye wakhatshwa nguVoorhees ngesikolo esiphakamileyo kunye neYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, apho wafunda khona imbali kunye neklasikhi, kunye neSikole seSifundo seFilimu kwiYunivesithi yaseSouth California.Ifilimu yokuqala ethi "First Line" ekhutshwe yiNetflix ngo-2016 yatshintshwa kwidabi lenkundla lika-Elgin Marbles, kwaye waguqukela kumxholo ka-Earl Morris.
Kungekudala imibhalo kaVoorhees yaba ziincwadi ezimbini ezabhalwa nguAnn Morris: “Ukugrumba kwiYucatan Peninsula” (1931), egubungela ixesha lakhe no-Earl eChichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Lahamba ixesha, nelithi “Ukugrumba kuMzantsi-ntshona” (1933) ), ubalisa ngamava abo kwiimbombo ezine kwaye ngakumbi iCanyon del Muerto.Phakathi kwaloo misebenzi idlamkileyo ye-autobiographical-kuba abapapashi abavumi ukuba abafazi banokubhala incwadi malunga ne-archaeology kubantu abadala, ngoko bathengiselwa abantwana abadala-uMorris uchaza lo msebenzi "njengokuthumela emhlabeni" Iphulo lokuhlangula kwindawo ekude yokubuyisela. amaphepha athe saa embali yobomi.”Emva kokugxila ekubhaleni kwakhe, uVoorhees wagqiba ekubeni agxininise kuAnn.“Ibililizwi lakhe kwezo ncwadi.Ndiqale ukubhala iskripthi. ”
Elo lizwi linolwazi kwaye linegunya, kodwa likwadlamkile kwaye liyahlekisa.Ngokuphathelele ukuthanda kwakhe indawo esemagqagaleni yomwonyo, wabhala xa kwakusembiwa kummandla okumzantsi-ntshona, “Ndiyavuma ukuba ndingomnye wamaxhoba amaninzi okulaliswa ngomlingo kummandla okumzantsi-ntshona—esi sisifo esinganyangekiyo, esibulalayo nesinganyangekiyo.”
Kwi "Ukumba eYucatan", wachaza ezintathu "izixhobo eziyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo" ze-archaeologists, oko kukuthi ifosholo, iliso lomntu, kunye nokucinga-ezi zixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nezixhobo ezixhatshazwa ngokulula..“Kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ziinyani ezikhoyo ngelixa kugcinwa ukuguquguquka okwaneleyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa njengoko iinyani ezintsha zibhengezwa.Kufuneka ilawulwe yingqiqo engqongqo kunye nengqiqo elungileyo, kwaye… Umlinganiselo wechiza lobomi wenziwa phantsi kokhathalelo lwekhemisti.
Wabhala ukuba ngaphandle kokuthelekelela, izinto ezagrunjwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala “yayingamathambo omileyo kuphela nothuli oluziintlobo ngeentlobo.”Intelekelelo yabavumela ukuba “baphinde bakhe iindonga zezixeko ezidilikileyo…Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weendlela ezinkulu zorhwebo kulo lonke ihlabathi, zizele ngabahambi abanomdla, abarhwebi ababawayo namajoni, asele elityelwe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yoloyiso olukhulu okanye ukoyiswa okukhulu.”
Xa uVoorhees ebuza uAnn kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado eBoulder, wayehlala eva impendulo efanayo-ngamagama amaninzi, kutheni umntu enokukhathalela umfazi ka-Earl Morris onxilileyo?Nangona uAnn waba likhoboka lotywala ngokunzulu kwiminyaka yakhe yamva, lo mbandela ukhohlakeleyo wokungakhathali ukwatyhila umlinganiselo umsebenzi ka-Ann Morris oye walityalwa ngawo, watyeshelwa, okanye wade wacinywa.
U-Inga Calvin, unjingalwazi we-anthropology kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado, ubhala incwadi malunga no-Ann Morris, ubukhulu becala esekelwe kwiileta zakhe.“Ngokwenene ugqwesile ngoogrumbi bezinto zakudala onesidanga saseyunivesithi kunye noqeqesho lwaseFransi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engowasetyhini, akathathelwa ngqalelo,” utshilo.“Ulibhinqa eliselula, elihle nelidlamkileyo elithanda ukonwabisa abantu.Akuncedi.Usasaza i-archaeology ngeencwadi, kwaye ayincedi.Abembi bezinto zakudala ezinzulu bezemfundo bayabajongela phantsi abantu abadumileyo.Yinto yamantombazana le kubo.”
UCalvin ucinga ukuba uMorris "uphantsi kwaye uphawuleka kakhulu."Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1920, indlela ka-Ann yokunxiba ebaleni—ehamba ngeebhulukhwe, iileggings, nezinxibo zamadoda ngokwasemagqabini—yayithandeka kumabhinqa.“Kwindawo ekude kakhulu, ukulala kwinkampu ezele ngamadoda awangawangisa i-spatula, kuquka namadoda aseMerika, kuyafana,” utshilo.
Ngokutsho kukaMary Ann Levine, unjingalwazi wenzululwazi ngembali yabantu eFranklin naseMarshall College ePennsylvania, uMorris “wayenguvulindlela, elawula iindawo ezingenabantu.”Njengoko ucalucalulo lwesini lweziko luthintele indlela yophando lwezemfundo, wafumana umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kwisibini sobuchwephesha kunye no-Earle, wabhala uninzi lweengxelo zakhe zobugcisa, wamncedisa ukuba achaze iziphumo zabo, kwaye wabhala iincwadi eziyimpumelelo."Wazisa iindlela kunye neenjongo ze-archeology kuluntu olunomdla, kubandakanywa nabasetyhini abancinci," kusho uLevine."Xa ebalisa ibali lakhe, wazibhala kwimbali ye-archeology yaseMelika."
Xa uAnn wafikayo eChichen Itza, eYucatan, ngowe-1924, uSilvanas Molly wamxelela ukuba anyamekele intombi yakhe eneminyaka emi-6 ubudala aze abe ngumamkeli weendwendwe.Ukuze abalekele le misebenzi kwaye ahlole indawo, wafumana itempile encinci engahoywanga.Weyisela uMolly ukuba amvumele ayimbe, kwaye wemba ngocoselelo.Xa uEarl wabuyisela iTempile ebalaseleyo yamaGorha (800-1050 AD), umzobi onobuchule obuphezulu uAnn wayekopa kwaye efunda imizobo yayo eseludongeni.Uphando lwakhe kunye nemifanekiso yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomqulu wemiqulu emibini yeTempile yamaQhawe eChichen Itza, eYucatan, epapashwe yiCarnegie Institute ngo-1931. Kanye kunye no-Earl kunye nomdwebi ongumFrentshi uJean Charlotte, uthathwa njengo-Co- umbhali.
Kumzantsi-ntshona weUnited States, uAnn noEarl baye bemba izinto ezininzi baza barekhoda baza bafundisisa iipetroglyphs kwiikona ezine.Incwadi yakhe ngale nzame yabhukuqa imbono kaAnasazi.Njengoko uVoorhees ebeka, “Abantu bacinga ukuba le nxalenye yelizwe ibisoloko ingabazingeli abangabahambi.Ama-Anasazi akucingelwa ukuba anempucuko, izixeko, inkcubeko kunye namaziko oluntu.Yintoni eyenziwa ngu-Ann Morris kuloo ncwadi Ibole kakuhle kwaye yamisela onke amaxesha azimeleyo e-1000 yeminyaka yempucuko-Abenzi beBhaskiti 1, 2, 3, 4;Pueblo 3, 4, njl.
UVoorhees umbona njengowasetyhini wenkulungwane yama-21 ovalelwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.“Ebomini bakhe, wayengahoywanga, exhaswa, egculelwa kwaye ethintelwa ngabom, kuba i-archeology yiklabhu yamakhwenkwe,” utshilo.“Umzekelo obalaseleyo ziincwadi zakhe.Zibhalelwe ngokucacileyo abantu abadala abanezidanga zasekholejini, kodwa zimele zipapashwe njengeencwadi zabantwana.”
UVoorhees wabuza uTom Felton (owaziwa kakhulu ngokudlala uDraco Malfoy kwiifilimu zikaHarry Potter) ukuba adlale u-Earl Morris.Umvelisi wefilimu uAnn Morris (Ann Morris) udlala u-Abigail Lawrie, umlingisi oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala ozelwe eSkotlani udume ngomdlalo wolwaphulo-mthetho weTV waseBritane othi "Tin Star", kunye nolutsha lwabembi bezinto zakudala banokufana okumangalisayo.“Ingathi siphinde savela uAnn,” watsho uVoorhees.“Kuyamangalisa xa udibana naye.”
Ngomhla wesithathu we-canyon, uVoorhees kunye nabasebenzi bafika kwindawo apho uAnn watyibilika waza waphantse wafa xa ekhwela ilitye, apho yena no-Earle benza ezinye zezinto eziphawulekayo ezifunyenweyo-njengobuvulindlela be-archeology Ikhaya langena emqolombeni obizwa ngokuba yi-Holocaust. phezulu kufutshane nomphetho we-canyon, engabonakaliyo ukusuka ezantsi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18 neye-19, kwakusoloko kukho uhlaselo logonyamelo, uhlaselo, neemfazwe phakathi kwamaNavajo nabemi baseSpeyin eNew Mexico.Ngowe-1805, amajoni aseSpeyin akhwela emwolweni ukuze aphindezele uhlaselo lwakutshanje lwamaNavajo.Malunga nama-25 amaNavajo—amaxhego, amabhinqa nabantwana—afihlwe emqolombeni.Ukuba belingekho ixhegwazana elaqalisa ukunyelisa amajoni, lisithi “ngabantu abahamba bengenamehlo” ngebezizimele.
Amajoni aseSpeyin akazange akwazi ukudubula ixhoba lawo ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa iimbumbulu zawo zaphuma eludongeni lomqolomba, zenzakalisa okanye zabulala uninzi lwabantu ababengaphakathi.Emva koko amajoni enyuka emqolombeni, axhela abo bangxwelerhekileyo aza abe nezinto zabo.Phantse kwiminyaka eli-120 kamva, uAnn noEarl Morris bangena emqolombeni baza bafumana amathambo amhlophe, iimbumbulu ezabulala amaNavajo, aza agqobhoza amabala kudonga olungasemva.Ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwanika iDeath Canyon igama elibi.(Isazi sejoloji yeZiko laseSmithsonian uJames Stevenson ukhokele uhambo apha ngo-1882 waza wabiza lo mwonyo.)
UTaft Blackhorse uthe: “Sinembono engqongqo nxamnye nabafileyo.Asithethi ngabo.Asikuthandi ukuhlala apho abantu bafela khona.Ukuba umntu uyafa, abantu bayayishiya indlu.Umphefumlo wabafileyo uya kwenzakalisa abaphilayo, ngoko nathi bantu siyakuphepha ukubulala imiqolomba namawa.”Ukufa kukaNavajo kusenokuba sesinye sezizathu zokuba iCanyon of the Dead ingachaphazelekanga ngaphambi kokuba uAnn noEarl Morris bafike.Wayichaza ngokoqobo “njengenye yezona ndawo zityebileyo zokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala ehlabathini.”
Kude kufuphi neHolocaust Cave yindawo ebukekayo kwaye intle ebizwa ngokuba nguMqolomba onguMama: Eli lelona xesha limnandi kakhulu livela kwiVoorhees kwiscreen.Lo ngumqolomba ophindwe kabini welitye lentlabathi elibomvu elikhukuliswe ngumoya.Kwicala leemitha ezingama-200 ngaphezu komhlaba we-canyon yinqaba emangalisayo enemigangatho emithathu enamagumbi amaninzi asecaleni, onke akhiwe ngamatye ngama-Anasazi okanye abantu basePueblo.
Ngowe-1923, uAnn noEarl Morris bemba apha baza bafumana ubungqina bomsebenzi weminyaka eli-1 000, kuquka nezidumbu ezininzi eziqholiweyo ezineenwele nolusu zingekaguquki.Phantse wonke umama—indoda, umfazi nomntwana—wayenxiba oonokrwece namaso;benjenjalo ukhozi emngcwabeni.
Omnye wemisebenzi ka-Ann kukususa ubumdaka bezidumbu kwisithuba seenkulungwane kwaye asuse iimpuku ezincancisayo kumngxunya wesisu.Akanantsini tu.U-Ann no-Earl basandul' ukutshata, kwaye le yiholide yabo yasemva komtshato.
Kwindlu encinci ye-adobe ka-Ben Gell e-Tucson, kumdaka wezandla ezisezantsi-ntshona kunye nezixhobo zomsindo zakudala zaseDanish ezithembekileyo, kukho inani elikhulu leeleta, iidayari, iifoto kunye nezikhumbuzo ezivela kumakhulu wakhe.Wakhupha ivolovolo kwigumbi lakhe lokulala, ababehamba nalo ooMorris ngexesha lohambo.Xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, u-Earl Morris walatha kwindoda eyabulala uyise emva kwengxabano eyayisemotweni eFarmington, eNew Mexico.“Izandla zikaEarl zazingcangcazela kangangokuba wayengakwazi nokubamba umpu,” watsho uGale.“Xa ekhupha isibhamu, umpu zange udubule kwaye wabaleka esoyika.
U-Earle wazalelwa e-Chama, eNew Mexico ngo-1889. Wakhula kunye noyise, umqhubi weloli kunye nonjiniyela wokwakha owayesebenza ekuphuculeni iindlela, ukwakhiwa kwamadama, imigodi kunye neeprojekthi zikaloliwe.Ngexesha labo ababengenzi nto ngalo, uyise nonyana wakhe babekhangela izinto ezazisenziwa kumaMerika Omthonyama;U-Earle wasebenzisa idrafti yokukhetha emfutshane ukumba imbiza yakhe yokuqala eneminyaka engama-31/2.Emva kokuba uyise ebulewe, ukugrunjwa kwezinto zakudala kwaba lunyango luka-Earl lwe-OCD.Ngomnyaka we-1908, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado eBoulder, apho wafumana isidanga se-master in psychology, kodwa wayenomdla kwi-archeology-kungekhona nje ukumba izimbiza kunye nobutyebi, kodwa kunye nolwazi kunye nokuqonda kwangaphambili.Ngowe-1912, wemba amabhodlo aseMayan eGuatemala.Ngomnyaka we-1917, eneminyaka eyi-28, waqala ukumba nokubuyisela amabhodlo ase-Aztec ookhokho basePueblo eNew Mexico kwiMyuziyam yaseMelika yeMbali yeNdalo.
UAnn wazalwa ngowe-1900 waza wakhulela kwintsapho efumileyo eOmaha.Kwiminyaka eyi-6, njengoko etshilo kwi-"Southwest Digging", umhlobo wosapho wambuza ukuba ufuna ukwenza ntoni xa ekhulile.Kanye njengoko wayezichaza, enesidima kwaye engekafiki, wanikela impendulo eqheliselwe kakuhle, eyingqikelelo echanileyo yobomi bakhe obudala: “Ndifuna ukugrumba ubuncwane obungcwatyiweyo, ndihlole phakathi kwamaIndiya, ndipeyinte kwaye ndinxibe Yiya kumpu. emva koko ndiye ekholejini.”
UGal ebefunda iileta uAnn azibhalela unina eSmith College eNorthampton, Massachusetts.“Unjingalwazi uthe wayeyeyona ntombazana ikrelekrele eSmith College,” wandixelela uGale.“Ububomi bepati, buhlekisa kakhulu, mhlawumbi bufihlwe emva kwawo.Usoloko esebenzisa uburharha kwiileta zakhe yaye uxelela unina yonke into, kuquka neentsuku angenakuvuka ngazo.Udandathekile?Ukuxhoma?Mhlawumbi zombini.Ewe, ngokwenene asazi.”
UAnn unomdla ngabantu bokuqala, imbali yamandulo, kunye noluntu lwaseMelika lwaseMelika ngaphambi kokuba iYurophu inqobe.Uye wakhalaza kunjingalwazi wakhe wezembali ukuba zonke izifundo zabo ziqale kade kwaye impucuko kunye norhulumente usekiwe.Wabhala wathi: “Kwaphela de kwada kwathi gqi unjingalwazi othile owandikhathazayo ediniwe wathi ndisenokufuna inzululwazi yezinto zakudala ezimbiweyo kunokuba ndifune imbali, ukuba kuse kungaqali.Emva kokuphumelela kwiKholeji yaseSmith ngo-1922, wahamba ngomkhumbi waya ngqo eFransi ukuze ajoyine i-American Academy of Prehistoric Archaeology, apho wafumana uqeqesho lokumba intsimi.
Nangona wayekhe wadibana no-Earl Morris e-Shiprock, eNew Mexico-wayetyelele umzala-ulandelelwano lokulandelelana kobudlelwane bokuthandana kwakungacacanga.Kodwa kubonakala ngathi uEarl wathumela ileta kuAnn xa wayefunda eFransi, emcela ukuba atshate naye.“Wayethabatheke ngokupheleleyo nguye,” watsho uGale.“Watshata neqhawe lakhe.Le ikwayindlela yokuba abe yingcali yezinto zakudala-yokungena kweli shishini. ”Kwileta eyayisiya kusapho lwakhe ngowe-1921, wathi ukuba wayeyindoda, u-Earl wayeya kukuvuyela ukumnika umsebenzi ojongene nokugrumba, kodwa umxhasi wakhe akanakuze avumele umfazi ukuba abambe esi sikhundla.Wabhala wathi: “Amazinyo am ashwabene ngenxa yokusila ngokuphindaphindiweyo.”
Umtshato wenziwa eGallup, eNew Mexico ngo-1923. Emva koko, emva kokumba i-honeymoon kwi-Mummy Cave, bathatha isikhephe baya eYucatan, apho iCarnegie Institute yaqasha i-Earl ukuba igrumbe kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yakhe iThempeli le-Warrior e-Chichen Itza.Phezu kwetafile ekhitshini, uGail wabeka Iifoto zootatomkhulu bakhe kumabhodlo aseMayan-Ann unxibe umnqwazi obhityileyo kunye nehempe emhlophe, ekhuphela imizobo eseludongeni;i-earl ixhoma umxube wesamente kwishafu yokuqhuba ilori;kwaye usetempileni encinci yeXtoloc Cenote.Apho "wafumana i-spurs" yakhe njengomembi, wabhala kwindawo yokwemba eYucatan.
Kuyo yonke i-1920s, usapho lukaMorris lwaluphila ubomi bokuhambahamba, lwahlula ixesha labo phakathi kweYucatan kunye ne-Southwestern United States.Ukusuka kwimbonakalo yobuso kunye nolwimi lomzimba oluboniswe kwiifoto zika-Ann, kunye neprozi ephilileyo neyiphakamisayo kwiincwadi zakhe, iileta kunye needayari, kucacile ukuba uthatha i-adventure enkulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kunye nendoda ayithandayo.Ngokutsho kukaInga Calvin, uAnn usela utywala—into eqhelekileyo kummbi wezinto zakudala—kodwa usasebenza yaye uyabunandipha ubomi bakhe.
Emva koko, ngaxa lithile ngeminyaka yee-1930, lo mfazi ukrelekrele nonamandla waba ngunobhala.“Le yeyona mfihlakalo ingundoqo ebomini bakhe, kwaye usapho lwam aluzange luthethe ngayo,” utshilo uGale.“Xa ndandibuza umama ngoAnn, wayedla ngokunyanisekileyo ukuthi, ‘Ulikhoboka lotywala,’ aze atshintshe incoko.Andiyiphikisi into yokuba uAnn ulinxila - kufanele ukuba unguye - kodwa ndicinga ukuba le ngcaciso ilula kakhulu i-NS. "
UGale wayefuna ukwazi ukuba ukuhlaliswa kunye nokuzalwa komntwana eBoulder, eColorado (unina u-Elizabeth Ann wazalwa ngo-1932 kunye noSarah Lane wazalwa ngo-1933) yayiyinguqu enzima emva kwaloo minyaka ehamba phambili kwi-archeology.UInga Calvin ngokuphandle wathi: “Eso sisihogo.UAnn nabantwana bakhe bayamoyika.”Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho amabali malunga noAnn ebambela abantwana itheko lempahla yokunxiba kwindlu kaBoulder.
Xa wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, wayengafane alishiye eli gumbi lingasentla.Ngokutsho kwenye intsapho, wayedla ngokuya kutyelela abantwana bakhe kabini ngonyaka, yaye igumbi lakhe lalingavunyelwa ngokungqongqo.Kwakukho iisirinji kunye nezitshisi zeBunsen kwelo gumbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amanye amalungu osapho acinge ukuba usebenzisa imorphine okanye iheroin.UGail akazange acinge ukuba yinyani.UAnn unesifo seswekile kwaye utofa i-insulin.Wathi mhlawumbi isitshisi seBunsen sisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ikofu okanye iti.
“Ndicinga ukuba le yindibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi,” utshilo.Unxilile, unesifo seswekile, unesifo samathambo kwaye uphantse wadandatheka.”Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, u-Earl wabhalela utata ka-Ann ileta malunga nento eyenziwe ngugqirha X Uvavanyo olukhanyayo lwatyhila amaqhuqhuva amhlophe, “njengomsila wenkanyezi enomsila odibanisa umqolo wakhe”.UGale wayecinga ukuba iqhuqhuva lithumba kwaye iintlungu zazinzima.
U-Coerte Voorhees wayefuna ukudubula zonke iindawo zakhe zeCanyon de Chelly kunye neCanyon del Muerto kwiindawo zangempela e-Arizona, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zemali kwafuneka adubule ininzi yemiboniso kwenye indawo.Ilizwe laseNew Mexico, apho yena neqela lakhe bakhona, libonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu yesisa kwimveliso yefilimu kweli lizwe, ngelixa iArizona inganikeli nayiphi na inkuthazo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-stand-in yeCanyon Decelli National Monument kufuneka ifunyenwe eNew Mexico.Emva koqwalaselo oluphangaleleyo, wagqiba kwelokuba adubule eRed Rock Park ngaphandle kweGallup.Isikali somhlaba sincinci kakhulu, kodwa senziwe ngelitye lentlabathi elibomvu elifanayo, likhukuliswe kwimo efanayo nomoya, kwaye ngokuchasene nenkolelo ethandwayo, ikhamera ixoki elihle.
EHongyan, abasebenzi basebenza kunye namahashe angenantsebenziswano emoyeni nasemvuleni de kwasebusuku, yaye umoya wajika waba likhephu elisibekele.Kusemini emaqanda, amahlwantsi ekhephu asagquba kwintlango ephezulu, kwaye uLaurie-ngokwenene umfanekiso ophilayo ka-Ann Morris-uyamqhelanisa noTaft Blackhorse kunye nemigca yonyana wakhe uSheldon Navajo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2021